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Coronavirus structure. Coronaviruses contain a trimeric spike (S)-protein that mediates attachment to the host receptor, abundant membrane (M)-proteins, envelope (E)-proteins that facilitate assembly and release of the virus, nucleocapsid (N)-proteins that bind positive-strand RNA, and hemagglutinin-esterase (HE)-proteins that bind sialic acids on surface glycoproteins and manifest acetyl-esterase activity.
