TABLE 8.

Summary of the significant CMA (causal mediation analyses) of the standardized memory scores at each memory stage; STR, short-term recall; LOT, learning over trials; DR, delayed recall; maxIE, maximum possible indirect effect.

	Effect	ß	95% CI	maxIE	κ2
Words
Women → Meaning strategy + Dual strategy → STR	Indirect	0.0603	0.0189 to 0.1157	0.74	0.0815
	Direct	0.2599	0.0785 to 0.4412
Age → Advanced strategies → STR	Indirect	–0.0296	−0.0644 to −0.0098	–0.8000	0.037
	Direct	–0.192	−0.2845 to −0.0995
Age → Advanced strategies → DR	Indirect	–0.0191	−0.0426 to −0.0013	–0.8000	0.0239
	Direct	–0.1993	−0.2924 to −0.1062
Pseudowords
Age → Advanced strategies → STR	Indirect	–0.0365	−0.0685 to −0.0154	–0.7821	0.0467
	Direct	–0.2106	−0.3029 to −0.1184
Age → Advanced strategies → LOT	Indirect	–0.0455	−0.0817 to −0.0212	–0.7400	0.0615
	Direct	–0.2596	−0.3495 to −0.1696
Age → Advanced strategies → DR	Indirect	–0.0472	−0.0849 to −0.0227	–0.7100	0.0665
	Direct	–0.2894	−0.3781 to −0.2006