Fig. 5.

Telmisartan regulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) expression through the NF-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Telmisartan and JNK, ERK and NF-κB inhibitors attenuated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced ICAM-1 expression in U87MG cells. Cells were incubated with telmisartan for 1 h or inhibitors (U0126, SB202190, SP600125, and BAY11-7082; all at 10 µM) for 30 min and were then treated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 10 h. Whole cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting. The error bars represent mean ± SEM (n=3). Statistical differences were determined using the student’s t-test. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 compared to the cells exposed to TNF-α alone.