Table 4.
Brief summary of on-going clinical trials in stroke.
| Intervention | Condition | Allocation & Blinding | Phase of Trial | Outcome | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Butylphthalide (NBP) | Large-artery Atherosclerosis Acute ischemic stroke |
Randomized, triple blind | Phase 4 [155] | On-going | |||||
| Recombinant human urokinase (rhPro-UK) (PROST) | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, open label | Phase 3 [156] | On-going | |||||
| JPI-289 | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, quadruple blind | Phase 2 [157] | On-going | |||||
| Recombinant human tissue kallikrein (DM199) | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, double blind | Phase 2 [158] | On-going | |||||
| DLBS1033 | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, quadruple blind | Phase 2 and 3 [159] | On-going | |||||
| Fingolimod (FTY720) | Acute ischemic stroke | Non randomized, open label | Completed phase 2 [160] | Effective and well tolerated [161] | |||||
| Cilostazol (CAIST) | Cerebral Infarction | Randomized, double blind | Completed phase 4 [162] | Safe and effective [163] | |||||
| Atorvastatin | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, open label | Completed phase 4 [164] | Better functional outcome [165] | |||||
| Edaravone (EDO) | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, open label | Completed phase 4 [166, 167] |
Effective in acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke [167] | |||||
| Intervention | Condition | Allocation & Blinding | Phase of Trial | Outcome | |||||
| Histamine- glutamate antagonist |
Acute Cerebrovascular Accident Cerebral Edema |
Randomized, open label | Completed phase 2 [168] | No data | |||||
| Uric Acid (URICO-ICTUS) | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, quadruple blind | Completed phase 2 and 3 [169-171] | Safe and improved stroke outcomes | |||||
| Bone Marrow-derived Stem Cells Therapy (InVeST) | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, open label | Completed phase 2 [172] | Safe but ineffective [173] | |||||
| Recombinant human erythropoietin alfa | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, quadruple blind | Completed phase 2 & 3 [174] |
Safety concern | |||||
| Ginsenoside-Rd | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, double blind | Completed phase 2 [175] | Effective | |||||
| HT047 | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, triple blind | Completed phase 2 [176] | No results provided | |||||
| Cerebrolysin | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, quadruple blind | Completed phase 4 [177] | Favorable outcome | |||||
| Mild hypothermia | Acute ischemic stroke | Single-arm, open-label | Completed phase 1 [178] | Safe | |||||
| 3K3A-APC (RHAPSODY) |
Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, quadruple blind | Completed phase 2 [179] | Low intracranial hemorrhage rate | |||||
| Lu AA24493 (CEPO) | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomised, double blind | Completed phase 1 [180] | No results were provided | |||||
| Natalizumab (ACTION and ACTION2) |
Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, quadruple blind | Completed phase 2 [181, 182] |
No improvement in functional outcome [183] | |||||
| Human plasmin | Acute ischemic stroke | Non randomised, open label | Completed phase 1 and 2 [184] | Safe and well tolerated | |||||
| Human Immune Globulin Intravenous (IVIg) | Acute ischemic stroke | Randomized, quadruple blind | Withdrawn from phase 1 [185] | Difficult recruitment and associated black box warning | |||||