Table 2.
Factors associated with non-adherence at bivariate analysis
| Adherent | Non-adherent | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 88) | (n = 118) | ||||||
| Factor | n (%) | n (%) | Unadjusted PR | Confidence Interval | p-value | ||
| Child factors | |||||||
| Age (months) | |||||||
| 6 to 24 | 24 (44.4) | 30 (55.6) | 1.00 | ||||
| 25 to 59 | 64 (42.1) | 88 (57.9) | 1.04 | (0.79–1.37) | 0.769 | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 35 (36.1) | 62 (63.9) | 1.00 | ||||
| Female | 53 (48.6) | 56 (51.4) | 0.80 | (0.63–1.02) | 0.070 | ||
| Place of delivery | |||||||
| Home | 9 (34.6) | 17 (65.4) | 1.00 | ||||
| Public Health Facility | 56 (50.5) | 55 (49.5) | 0.76 | (0.54–1.06) | 0.107 | ||
| Private Health Facility | 17 (36.2) | 30 (63.8) | 0.98 | (0.69–1.39) | 0.894 | ||
| Didn’t know | 6 (27.3) | 16 (72.7) | 1.11 | (0.76–1.63) | 0.583 | ||
| School/Day care attendance | |||||||
| No | 65 (48.5) | 69 (51.5) | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 23 (31.9) | 49 (68.1) | 1.32 | (1.05–1.67) | 0.017 | ||
| Illness in the past two weeks | |||||||
| No | 65 (45.5) | 78 (54.5) | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 23 (36.5) | 40 (63.5) | 1.16 | (0.92–1.48) | 0.215 | ||
| Clinical stage on ART initiation | |||||||
| I | 40 (42.6) | 54 (57.4) | 1.00 | ||||
| II | 18 (47.4) | 20 (52.6) | 0.92 | (0.65–1.30) | 0.623 | ||
| III | 8 (32.0) | 17 (68.0) | 1.18 | (0.86–1.63) | 0.304 | ||
| IV | 2 (25.0) | 6 (75.0) | 1.31 | (0.84–2.02) | 0.232 | ||
| Caregiver factors | |||||||
| Age (years) | |||||||
| 18 to 24 | 21 (51.2) | 20 (48.8) | 1.00 | ||||
| 25 to 34 | 40 (40.4) | 59 (59.6) | 1.22 | (0.86–1.74) | 0.267 | ||
| 35 to 44 | 17 (38.6) | 27 (61.4) | 1.26 | (0.85–1.86) | 0.252 | ||
| 45 to 70 | 10 (45.5) | 12 (54.5) | 1.12 | (0.68–1.83) | 0.658 | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 4 (30.8) | 9 (69.2) | 1.00 | ||||
| Female | 84 (43.5) | 109 (56.5) | 0.82 | (0.56–1.20) | 0.299 | ||
| Highest education level attained | |||||||
| None | 7 (36.8) | 12 (63.2) | 1.00 | ||||
| Primary school | 36 (40.0) | 54 (60.0) | 0.95 | (0.65–1.39) | 0.793 | ||
| Higher | 45 (46.4) | 52 (53.6) | 0.85 | (0.57–1.26) | 0.411 | ||
| Marital status | |||||||
| Never married | 15 (53.6) | 13 (46.4) | 1.00 | ||||
| Living with partner but unmarried | 54 (43.6) | 70 (56.4) | 1.22 | (0.79–1.86) | 0.371 | ||
| Married | 3 (30.0) | 7 (70.0) | 1.51 | (0.85–2.67) | 0.158 | ||
| Divorced/Separated | 12 (34.3) | 23 (65.7) | 1.42 | (0.89–2.25) | 0.143 | ||
| Widow/Widower | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 1.20 | (0.59–2.43) | 0.620 | ||
| Residence | |||||||
| Rural | 52 (40.6) | 76 (59.4) | 1.00 | ||||
| Urban | 36 (46.2) | 42 (53.8) | 0.91 | (0.71–1.17) | 0.446 | ||
| HIV Status | |||||||
| Negative | 11 (27.5) | 29 (72.5) | 1.00 | ||||
| Positive | 75 (46.0) | 88 (54.0) | 0.74 | (0.59–0.95) | 0.015 | ||
| Didn’t Know | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | 0.46 | (0.09–2.31) | 0.346 | ||
| Relation to the child | |||||||
| Biological parent | 69 (45.4) | 83 (54.6) | 1.00 | ||||
| Other blood relative | 7 (41.2) | 10 (58.8) | 1.08 | (0.70–1.65) | 0.731 | ||
| Non-blood relation | 12 (32.4) | 25 (67.6) | 1.24 | (0.95–1.62) | 0.118 | ||
| Main source of financial support | |||||||
| From income | 20 (33.3) | 40 (66.7) | 1.00 | ||||
| From family | 22 (48.9) | 23 (51.1) | 0.77 | (0.55–1.07) | 0.123 | ||
| From partner | 42 (45.2) | 51 (54.8) | 0.82 | (0.64–1.06) | 0.137 | ||
| From friends and charities | 4 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | 0.75 | (0.37–1.54) | 0.432 | ||
| Beliefs about medicine | |||||||
| Ambivalent | 71 (49.0) | 74 (51.0) | 1.00 | ||||
| Accepting or indifferent | 17 (27.9) | 44 (72.1) | 1.41 | (1.13–1.77) | 0.002 | ||
| Alcohol use in the last 30 days | |||||||
| Never | 84 (43.8) | 108 (56.3) | 1.00 | ||||
| Ever used | 4 (28.6) | 10 (71.4) | 1.27 | (0.89–1.81) | 0.187 | ||
| Household food security | |||||||
| Food secure | 61 (59.8) | 41 (40.2) | 1.00 | ||||
| Mild insecurity | 8 (26.7) | 22 (73.3) | 1.82 | (1.32–2.51) | < 0.001 | ||
| Moderate insecurity | 7 (26.9) | 19 (73.1) | 1.82 | (1.30–2.54) | < 0.001 | ||
| Severe insecurity | 12 (25.0) | 36 (75.0) | 1.87 | (1.40–2.49) | < 0.001 | ||
| Drug regimen characteristics | |||||||
| ART regimen currently on | |||||||
| ABC + 3TC + LPV/r | 50 (40.3) | 74 (59.7) | 1.00 | ||||
| Other ABC-based regimen | 26 (52.0) | 24 (48.0) | 0.80 | (0.58–1.11) | 0.187 | ||
| Other AZT-based regimen | 12 (37.5) | 20 (62.5) | 1.05 | (0.77–1.42) | 0.767 | ||
| ART regimen change | |||||||
| No | 47 (46.1) | 55 (53.9) | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 41 (39.4) | 63 (60.6) | 1.12 | (0.89–1.42) | 0.337 | ||
| Side effects reported | |||||||
| No | 79 (41.4) | 112 (58.6) | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 9 (60.0) | 6 (40.0) | 0.68 | (0.36–1.28) | 0.236 | ||
| Health system factors | |||||||
| Health facility | |||||||
| Public health facility | 41 (28.9) | 101 (71.1) | 1.00 | ||||
| NGO health facility | 47 (73.4) | 17 (26.6) | 0.37 | (0.24–0.57) | < 0.001 | ||
| Physician-patient relationship | |||||||
| Mean score (S.D) | 62.2 (7.4) | 61.1 (6.4) | 0.99 | (0.98–1.01) | 0.264 | ||
| Satisfaction | |||||||
| Mean score (S.D) | 83.5 (7.1) | 78.9 (7.0) | 0.97 | (0.96–0.98) | < 0.001 | ||