Table 2.

KOP blockers and activator.

Synthetic molecules	KOP	Tissue	Effect	Ref.
Agonists U50488H	Selective	Heart	Activate Na+-H+ exchanger via PKC activation Reduces oxidative stress	[36] [43]
Spiradoline (U-62066)	Highly selective	Cerebral ventricle	Protects from epinephrine-induced arrhythmias	[117]
Antagonists MR2266	Non-selective	Myocardium	Reduced severity of I/R induced arrhythmia Reduced infarct size Enhanced coronary blood	[112]
Nor-BNI	Selective	Intrathecal administration Lateral cerebral ventricle Heart	Reduces the pressor actions of Dyn A administration Inhibitory effect on Ang II induced increases in HR and BP via CNS-mediated mechanisms Reduces isoprenaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis	[142] [75] [42]

Ang II; angiotensin II, I/R; ischemia/reperfusion, Nor-BNI; Norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI; 17,17′-Bis (cyclopropylethyl)-6,6′,7,7′-tetradehydro-4,5:4′,5′- diepoxy-6,6′- (imino)[7,7′-bimorphinan]-3,3′,14,14′-tetrol), PKC; protein kinase C