Table 3.

Factors Associated With Perceived High-Stress Level Among HCWs During COVID-19 Outbreak.

Characteristic	Perceived stress level		P value*	OR (95% CI)
	High (n = 318)	Low or none (n = 112)
Sex
Male	138 (71.1%)	56 (28.9%)	.237	0.76 (0.5-1.2)
Female	179 (76.2%)	56 (23.8%)
Age
<35 years	157 (76.3%)	49 (23.7%)	.364	0.81 (0.5-1.3)
≥35 years	157 (72.4%)	60 (27.6%)
Health care setting
Primary health care	172 (73.5%)	62 (26.5%)	.817	1.1 (0.70-1.6)
Hospitals	146 (74.6%)	50 (25.4%)
Job title
Physicians	153 (72.5%)	58 (27.5%)	.504	1.2 (0.8-1.9)
Other health care workers†	165 (75.3%)	54 (24.7%)
Experience
<10 years	145 (77.5%)	42 (22.5%)	.137	0.72 (0.5-1.1)
≥10 years	173 (71.3%)	70 (28.2%)
Marital status
Married	245 (73.8%)	87 (26.2%)	.891	1.1 (0.6-1.7)
Unmarried	73 (74.5%)	25 (25.5%)
Have children
Yes	236 (74.2%)	82 (25.8%)	.798	0.91 (0.6-1.5)
No	81 (73.0%)	30 (27.0%)
Living with family
Yes	284 (74.0%)	100 (26.0%)	.860	0.93 (0.5-1.9)
No	32 (72.7%)	12 (27.3%)
Reported having contact with a suspected or confirmed case
Yes	117 (74.5%)	40 (25.5%)	.839	0.95 (0.6-1.5)
No	201 (73.6%)	72 (26.4%)
Knowledge
Adequate‡	210 (73.9%)	74 (26.1%)	.995	0.99 (0.6-1.6)
Inadequate	108 (74.0%)	38 (26.0%)
Got training on outbreak response
Yes	56 (57.7%)	41 (42.3%)	<.001	2.7 (1.7-4.4)
No	262 (78.7%)	71 (21.3%)
Felt disappointed while working on this outbreak&
Yes	203 (81.0%)	48 (19.0%)	<.001	2.4 (1.5-3.6)
No	115 (64.2%)	64 (35.8%)
Strongly thought about sick leave
Yes	80 (89.9%)	9 (10.1%)	<.001	3.9 (1.9-7.9)
No	238 (69.8%)	103 (30.2%)

Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.

^*Chi-square test.

^†Nurses, and allied health care professionals; lab and radiology technicians.

^‡Having a score of ≥4/6 on knowledge questions.

^&This referred to the environment in which they were working.