Table 3.
Vascular and Systemic Inflammatory Markers
| Non-Smoking Controls (n=27) | Smoking Controls (n=20) | COPD without PVD (n=46) | COPD with PVD (n=15) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hsCRP, mg/dL | 0.15 (0.05–0.24) | 0.09 (0.05–0.33) | 0.40 (0.12–0.87) | 0.27 (0.20–0.80) |
| BNP, pg/mL | 13.7 (4.1–23.4) | 12.0 (7.6–28.1) | 13.5 (7.7–24.9) | 21.2 (8.4–40.5) |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 3.40 (3.00–3.70) | 3.30 (2.90–3.78) | 3.80 (3.10–5.05)ab | 4.00 (3.60–4.50) |
| Glycemia, mg/dL | 92 (85–99) | 92 (83–99) | 96 (87–109) | 112 (94–138) |
| VEGF, detectable % | 12 (44.4) | 12 (60) | 22 (47.8) | 7 (46.7) |
| VEGF, pg/mL | 47.0 (20.8–87.3) | 13.3 (8.9–40.1) | 9.5 (4.6–39.5) | 20.7 (16.8–30.0) |
| TGF-β, ng/mL | 2.31 (1.42–3.43) | 2.08 (1.39–5.70) | 3.00 (2.06–3.65) | 2.18 (1.83–3.29) |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 1.74 (0.96–5.23) | 2.55 (0.88–8.00) | 1.84 (0.87–3.26) | 1.12 (0.54–2.07) |
| HGF, pg/mL | 274 (220–437) | 257 (218–365) | 336 (309–407) | 338 (309–448) |
| Leptin. ng/mL | 11.0 (8.8–16.9) | 13.9 (6.6–17.4) | 11.5 (8.2–22.5) | 16.6 (9.5–20.5) |
| Angiopoietin-2, pg/mL | 776 (593–939) | 942 (599–1319) | 923 (746–1172) | 1244 (844–1551) |
| cGMP, nmol/mL | 2.52 (2.02–3.18) | 2.19 (1.82–3.00) | 2.23 (1.81–3.10) | 2.58 (2.20–3.09) |
| sTNF-αRI, pg/mL | 1039 (706–1348) | 897 (691–1159) | 1050 (878–1359) | 1303 (1207–1659) ab |
| sICAM-1, ng/mL | 77.1 (59.0–94.5) | 85.8 (67.0–144.8) | 96.0 (80.7–190.5) | 92.6 (82.8–212.4) |
| Adiponectin, ng/mL | 1046 (795–1494) | 1118 (859–1628) | 927 (691–1223) | 815 (717–996) |
| sAxl, pg/mL | 38.3 (15.8–70.9) | 42.4 (20.8–69.3) | 38.8 (23.0–57.7) | 31.9 (20.3–72.7) |
Notes: Results are expressed in median (percentile 25-percentile 75). a p<0.05 compared with non-smokers; b p<0.05 compared with smokers.
Abbreviations: hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor; IL-6, Interleukin-6; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; sTNF-αRI, soluble receptor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; sAxl, adiponectin, soluble tyrosine kinase receptor Axl. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PVD, pulmonary vascular disease.