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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 31.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Nano. 2020 Feb 20;14(3):3703–3717. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00962

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Cell-penetrating Au4.5 nanoparticles are responsible for activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. (A) TEM analysis for Au nanoparticle intracellular locations in BMDCs incubated with 200 μg/mL of Au nanoparticles for 6 h. (B) ICP-MS analysis of the amounts of Au nanoparticle uptake by BMDCs at 37 or 4 °C for 6 h (left). Percentage of Au nanoparticles responsive to 4 °C condition treatment compared to 37 °C condition treatment is shown on the right. (C) IL-1β production from LPS-primed BMDCs treated with Au nanoparticles at 37 or 4 °C for 6 h. (D) ICP-MS analysis of the amounts of Au nanoparticle uptake by BMDCs treated with PBS, chlorpromazine (an inhibitor for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, 20 μg/mL), or cytochalasin D (an inhibitor for phagocytosis/macropinocytosis, 40 μM) (left). Percentage of Au nanoparticles responsive to chlorpromazine (20 μg/mL) or cytochalasin D (40 μM) treatment is shown on the right.