Table 1.
The Recent Studies on the Effect of Intravenous Anesthetics on Cancers
| Type of Anesthetics | Anesthetics | Authors | Year | Type of Cancer (n) | Type of Research | Effect on Cancer | Relative Pathway |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous anesthetics | Propofol | Liang et al114 | 2020 | Colon cancer | in vitro | ↓ | JAK2/STAT3 |
| Propofol | Zheng et al115 | 2020 | Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) | in vivo and in vitro | ↓ | miR-21/PTEN/AKT | |
| Propofol | Wang et al116 | 2020 | Pancreatic cancer | in vitro | ↓ | miR-34a-E-cadherin and LOC285194 | |
| Propofol | Liu et al117 | 2020 | Gastric cancer | in vitro | ↓ | MicroRNA-195-5p/Snail | |
| Propofol | Li et al118 | 2020 | Papillary thyroid cancer | in vivo and in vitro | ↓ | miR-320a, HMGB1, ANRIL and Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB | |
| Propofol | Yu et al119 | 2020 | Pancreatic cancer | in vivo and in vitro | ↓ | ADAM8 | |
| Propofol | Li et al120 | 2020 | Glioma | in vitro | ↓ | mir-410-3p/TGFBR2 | |
| Propofol | Su et al121 | 2020 | Cardia cancer | in vitro | ↓ | MAPK/ERK | |
| Propofol | Zhang et al122 | 2020 | Colon cancer | in vivo and in vitro | ↓ | STAT3/HOTAIR, WIF-1 and Wnt | |
| Propofol | Zhang et al123 | 2020 | Gastric cancer | in vivo and in vitro | ↓ | lncRNA MALAT1/miR-30e/ATG5 | |
| Propofol | Xu et al34 | 2016 | Osteosarcoma | in vitro | ↓ | TGF-beta1 | |
| Propofol | Liu et al35 | 2016 | Pancreatic Cancer | in vivo | ↓ | miR-21 | |
| Propofol | Xu et al34 | 2016 | Glioblastoma | in vitro | ↓ | miR-218 | |
| Propofol, Etomidate, Dexmedetomidine | Deng et al33 | 2016 | Colorectal cancer | in vivo and in vitro | Propofol: ↓ Etomidate: ↑ Dexmedetomidine: - | (PI3K)/AKT, Epithelial-mesenchymal transition. | |
| Etomidate | Chu et al124 | 2019 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | in vitro | ↓ | MMP1, MMP2, MMP7 and MMP9 | |
| Etomidate | Chen et al125 | 2018 | Brain tumor | in vitro | ↓ | PARP, cleaved PARP, caspase-9 and procaspase-3 | |
| Ketamine | Hu et al126 | 2002 | Colorectal cancer | in vivo and in vitro | ↓ | NMDA receptor-CaMK II-c-Myc | |
| Ketamine | Duan et al127 | 2019 | Colorectal cancer | in vitro | ↓ | VEGF, NMDA receptor | |
| Morphine | Grandhi et al128 | 2017 | 8 cancers | Meta-analysis | ↑(Anti-angiogenesis and immunosuppression) | Unknown | |
| Morphine | Zhang et al129 | 2020 | Esophageal carcinoma | in vitro | ↑ | AMPK, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition | |
| Oxycodone | Cui et al130 | 2017 | Rectal cancer | Clinic trials | ↑(Immunosuppression) | Unknown | |
| Tramadol | Gaspani et al131 | 2002 | Breast cancer | in vivo | ↓(NK lymphocyte, Metastasis) | Unknown | |
| NSAIDs | Ye et al59 | 2020 | Gynecological malignancies | Retrospective study | ↓ | COX-2-PGE2-EPs | |
| Mu agonists | Wang et al132 | 2015 | Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) | Retrospective study | ↑ | Unknown | |
| Ketorolac | Retsky et al133 | 2012 | Breast cancer | Meta-analysis | ↓(Anti-angiogenesis and -Metastasis) | Unknown | |
| Naproxen | Chen et al134 | 2020 | Lung cancer, Ovarian cancer, Colon cancer | in vivo and in vitro | ↓ | DNA injury; COX-2 and MMP-9 |
Notes: ↑: enhance cancer; ↓: inhibit cancer grow or metastasis.