Table 2.
The Recent Studies on the Effect of Volatile Anesthetics on Cancers
| Type of Anesthetics | Anesthetics | Authors | Year | Type of Cancer (n) | Type of Research | Effect on Cancer | Relative Pathway |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volatile anesthetics | Sevoflurane | Zhang et al135 | 2020 | Cervical cancer | in vitro | ↑ | HDA6, PI3K/AKT-ERK1/2 |
| Sevoflurane | Han et al136 | 2020 | Glioma | in vitro | ↓ | Ca2+-dependent CaMKII/JNK | |
| Sevoflurane | Kang et al137 | 2020 | Ovarian cancer | in vitro | ↓ | JNK and p38 MAPK | |
| Sevoflurane | Li et al138 | 2020 | Lung cancer | in vivo | ↑ | IL-6/JAK/STAT3 | |
| Sevoflurane | Zhang et al139 | 2019 | Ovarian cancer | in vivo and in vitro | ↓ | STC1 | |
| Sevoflurane | Xue et al140 | 2019 | Cervical cancer | in vitro | ↑ | Ezrin and MMP2; BCL-2; BAX | |
| Sevoflurane | Chen et al141 | 2019 | Osteosarcoma | in vitro | ↓ | miR-203/WNT2B/Wnt/β-catenin | |
| Isoflurane | Hu et al142 | 2018 | Liver cancer | in vitro | ↓ | NF-κB and the PI3K/AKT | |
| Isoflurane | Zhu et al74 | 2016 | Glioblastoma | in vitro | ↑ | Unknown | |
| Desflurane | Elias et al143 | 2015 | Ovarian cancer | Retrospective study | ↓ | Unknown | |
| Sevoflurane, Thiopental | Hurmath et al144 | 2016 | Glioblastoma | in vitro | ↓ | MMPs | |
| Sevoflurane, Desflurane | Bundscherer et al145 | 2019 | Colon cancer | in vitro | Sevoflurane↑, Desflurane ↓ | Unknown | |
| Desflurane, isoflurane | Cata et al146 | 2017 | Glioblastoma | META analysis | - | Unknown | |
| Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, Desflurane | Iwasaki et al78 | 2016 | Ovarian carcinoma | in vitro | ↑ | MMP11 and VEGF-A |
Notes: ↑: enhance cancer; ↓: inhibit cancer grow or metastasis.