Figure 1.

Characterization of CeO₂NPs and the ROS scavenging ability of CeO₂NPs in acellular environments.

Notes: (A) Morphology of CeO₂NPs was observed by TEM. Scale bar = 100 nm (B) Size distribution of CeO₂NPs was measured by TEM. (C) Full XPS spectra of CeO₂NPs. (D) Development of Ce 3d XPS spectra and fitted Ce 3d XPS spectra. (E) Analysis results of the relative content of oxygen vacancies. (F) XRD pattern of CeO₂NPs. (G) Superoxide radicals that were generated by 0.5 mM hypoxanthine and 0.05 U/mL xanthine oxidase in ethanol solution and superoxide radicals that were scavenged by 256 mg/L CeO₂NPs. (H) Hydroxyl radicals that were generated by 0.5 mM hypoxanthine and 0.05 U/mL xanthine oxidase in water solution and hydroxyl radicals that were scavenged by 256 mg/L CeO₂NPs.

Abbreviations: HX, hypoxanthine; XO, xanthine oxidase.