Table 2.

Literature summary for public health approach for prevention of periodontal disease

Source/Articles	Public Health Approach for Periodontal disease prevention
Global Periodontal Health: Challenges, priorities and perspectives. FDI- World Oral Health Forum 2017, Proceedings 31 August 2017 Madrid, Spain	Public and professional education as well as reinforced political advocacy for Oral Hygiene behavior- Global awareness campaigns Integration with Non-Communicable Disease prevention – Common risk factor approach. The key target for clinically healthy periodontal sites means no bleeding on probing and shallow residual pockets (<5 mm).
Prevention of dental Disease: caries and Periodontal disease ann. Rev. Public health. 1981. 2:71–92	Frequent Oral prophylaxis approach can be applied on a community basis to children in schools and to adults.
Translating science into action – prevention of periodontal disease at patient level. Periodontology 2000, Vol. 60, 2012, 162–172	Prevention at the patient level must be global and comprehensive. Preventive interventions should be oriented towards influencing patient behavior
Common risk factors in the Management of periodontal and associated systemic diseases: The dental setting and Interprofessional Collaboration. J evid base dent pract 2014;14S:4–16	Risk factor management procedures for Periodontal disease through common risk factor approach.
An Evidence-Based Approach to the Prevention of Oral Diseases Med Princ Pract 2003;12(suppl 1):3–11	Non-randomized population-wide interventions and evidence on oral health promotion is required for periodontal disease prevention
Risk assessment and periodontal prevention in primary care. Periodontology 2000, Vol. 71, 2016, 10–21	There is gap in research of extrapolation of the risk factors from a population perspective from an individual perspective for Periodontal risk factors
Is It Time to Reassess the Public Health Implications of Periodontal Diseases? A Review of Current Concepts JPHD Vol. 48, No. 4. Fall 1988	Periodontal disease prevention through Oral Health Promotion
Impact of the global burden of periodontal diseases on health, nutrition and wellbeing of mankind: A call for global action. J Clin Periodontal. 2017;44:456–462	Multiple strategies of oral hygiene awareness program to influence behavior on individual in the community
Global burden of oral diseases: emerging concepts, management and interplay with systemic health. Oral Diseases (2016) 22, 609–619	Integration of oral health (periodontal disease prevention) into general health agenda for optimal health and general well-being.
The impact of cigarette smoking on periodontal disease and treatment. Periodontology 2000, Vol. 44, 2007, 178–194	Periodontal therapy affords multiple opportunities during active and ongoing maintenance therapy for patient education, intervention strategies, and reinforcement of tobacco cessation
Translating science into action: periodontal health through public health approaches. Periodontology 2000, Vol. 60, 2012, 173–187	Important chronic disease entry points for periodontal health are reduction of tobacco use, reduction in consumption of harmful levels of alcohol, a healthy diet and good nutrition and improvement of personal hygiene. Proper sanitation facilities and availability and accessibility of oral hygiene aids are vital to periodontal health’ tackling the social determinants of disease, important behavioral risk factors.
Oral health care systems in developing and developed countries Periodontology 2000, Vol. 60, 2012, 98–109	Building capacity in oral health care systems, directed towards periodontal disease prevention and primary health care, with special emphasis on meeting the needs of disadvantaged and poor population groups
The periodontal disease– systemic health–infectious disease axis in developing countries Periodontology 2000, Vol. 60, 2012, 64–77	Integrating periodontal disease and closely related oral diseases into the better funded global prevention programs on malaria, AIDS and nutrition
The United States Public Health Service (USPHS) Oral Health Coordinating Committee (OHCC) Oral Health Strategic Framework 2014–2017	Enhance national oral health surveillance efforts and developing measures for use in surveillance of periodontal disease for Public health action.
Editorial: Periodontal Disease – A Public Health Problem Front. Public Health, 08 January 2016	Awareness of the periodontal disease problem as a key part of reorienting health services in order to promote periodontal health.
Knowledge on periodontal disease before and after a mass media campaign. Swed Dent J (2004) 28:165–71	Population-based media campaign promoting periodontal knowledge among adults has positive short-term impact only (three months).
Factors behind change in knowledge after a mass media campaign targeting periodontitis. Int J Dent Hyg (2006) 4:8–14.	Use of mass media campaign will increase knowledge about periodontitis as a health promotion strategy
The effect of a mass-media dental health education campaign. Health Educ Res (1988) 3:243–55.	Oral hygiene behavioral changes have limited outcomes through from other mass media campaigns in health education
Assessment of periodontal knowledge following a mass media oral health promotion campaign: a population-based study. BMC Oral Health (2014) 14:31. doi:10.1186/1472–6831-14–31	Use of mass media periodontal campaign for short term hygiene knowledge improvement among the adult population.
Periodontal Health and Disease. A practical guide to reduce the global burden of periodontal disease. FDI 2017	Use of periodontal health as a priority area for oral health policy and promotion Awareness and literacy national campaign for behavior change
Defining a national strategy: The 8020 Campaign in Japan. Campaign, calling for the retention of 20 or more teeth even at the age of 80 started in 2001. Int Dent J. 2001 Jun;51(3 Suppl):200–6.	8020 Campaign achieved that the percentage of persons achieving 8020 was over 50% - 2016 and improved periodontal outcomes
Periodontal health and global public health. Periodontology 2000, Vol. 60, 2012, 7–14	Integrating prevention of periodontal disease into chronic disease prevention and control. Surveillance of periodontal disease needs to be integrated into surveillance of noncommunicable chronic diseases. a population strategy for altering life practices, particularly those determining smoking behavior and oral self-care in the community; a secondary prevention strategy to detect and treat people with destructive periodontal disease; and for high-risk individuals a strategy of treating existing disease and control of periodontal disease through oral health promotion
Prevention of Periodontal Diseases	population-based interventions address behavioral factors to control periodontitis through legislation (antismoking, reduced sugar content in foods and drinks), restrictions (taxes on sugar and tobacco) guidelines and campaigns; psychological approaches aimed at changing behavior may improve the effectiveness of oral health education; different preventive strategies have proven to be effective during the course of life; management of gingivitis relies heavily on efficient self-performed oral hygiene, evidence for a long-term successful change in oral hygiene behavior. Integration of Periodontal and general health research is needed using a common risk factor approach
Public Health Perspectives on Surveillance for Periodontal Diseases Periodontal 2007;78:1380–1386.	monitoring periodontal diseases is invasive, resource-intensive & not feasible. Alternative approaches to periodontal disease surveillance Existing Clinical Data Administrative or Insurance Claims Data Sentinel Surveillance Self-Reported Measures of Periodontal Diseases
Public health aspects of periodontal diseases in Europe. J Clin Periodontal 1991; 18: 362–369	A population strategy for altering life practices and oral cleaning effectiveness to reduce the dental plaque level of the community. A secondary prevention strategy to detect and treat people with destructive periodontal disease. A high-risk strategy for bringing preventive and therapeutic care to individuals at special risk. A combined population, secondary prevention and high-risk strategy of the three.
Does oral health promotion improve oral hygiene and gingival health? Periodontal 2000. 2005; 37:35–47.	Short-term reductions in plaque and gingival bleeding at community interventions Public health significance of these changes questionable
Strategies and approaches in oral disease prevention Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2005; 83:711–718.	Integration of periodontal disease prevention with Non-Communicable Disease prevention – Common risk factor approach.
Strengthening the Prevention of Periodontal Disease: The WHO Approach. J Periodontal 2005; 76:2187–2193.	Integration of periodontal disease prevention with Non-Communicable Disease prevention – Common risk factor approach.
The Common Risk Factor Approach – An Integrated Population- and Evidence-Based Approach for Reducing Social Inequalities in Oral Health. Gesundheitswesen 2016; 78: 672–677	Integration of periodontal disease prevention with Non-Communicable Disease prevention – Common risk factor approach.
Sociobehavioral aspects of periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000, Vol. 60, 2012, 54–63	a population strategy for altering life practices, particularly those determining smoking behavior and oral self-care (plaque removal) in the community; Integration of periodontal disease prevention with Non-Communicable Disease prevention – Common risk factor approach.
Periodontal health through public health – the case for oral health promotion. Periodontology 2000, Vol. 60, 2012, 147–155	Upstream process through tackling the Marco factors of oral hygiene behavior and Integration of periodontal disease prevention with Non-Communicable Disease prevention – Common risk factor approach.
Splash!: a prospective birth cohort study of the impact of environmental, social and family-level influences on child oral health and obesity related risk factors and outcomes. BMC Public Health 2011, 11:505	This study aims to prospectively examine the impact of drink choices on child obesity risk and oral health status.
Reducing pediatric caries and obesity risk in South Asian immigrants: randomized controlled trial of common health/risk factor approach BMC Public Health (2018) 18:680	Does a culturally-tailored CR/HFA home-visiting intervention, from child age 6 through 16 months, reduce cariogenic and obesogenic behaviors in SA immigrant families (primary hypothesis)? b) Is this CR/HFA intervention associated with reduced incidence of oral caries and obesity at 18 months of age (secondary hypothesis)?
Common risk factor approach to address socioeconomic inequality in the oral health of preschool children – a prospective cohort study BMC Public Health 2014, 14:429	The aim of the Study of Mothers’ and Infants’ Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE) project is to identify and evaluate the relative importance and timing of critical factors that shape the oral health of young children and then to seek to evaluate those factors in their inter-relationship with socioeconomic influences.