Table 3.
Comparison of Outcomes Between Matched Patients in Better and Worse Nursing Resourced Hospitals
| Outcome | Better nursing resourced hospitals | Worse nursing resourced hospitals | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All conditions | ||||
| Number of patients | n = 74,045 | n = 74,045 | ||
| % | % | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
| 30-day mortality | 16.14 | 17.06 | 0.93 (0.90 to 0.96) | < .0001 |
| 30-day readmission (or death) | 32.26 | 33.63 | 0.93 (0.91 to 0.96) | < .0001 |
| ICU admission | 26.92 | 25.97 | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.09) | < .0001 |
| m-estimate | m-estimate | Paired difference (95% CI) | p value | |
| Length of stay (days) | 5.38 | 5.66 | − 0.27 (− 0.32 to − 0.23) | < 0.001 |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.03 (0.00 to 0.05) | 0.031 |
| 30-day costs ($) | 18,436 | 18,708 | − 285 (− 481 to − 88) | 0.004 |
| 30-day nurse-adjusted costs ($) | 18,848 | 18,671 | 153 (− 46 to 351) | 0.133 |
| Sepsis | ||||
| Number of patients | n = 25,446 | n = 25,446 | ||
| % | % | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
| 30-day mortality | 25.31 | 27.63 | 0.88 (0.84 to 0.91) | < .0001 |
| 30-day readmission (or death) | 41.15 | 43.79 | 0.89 (0.85 to 0.92) | < .0001 |
| ICU admission | 36.93 | 37.82 | 0.96 (0.93 to 1.00) | 0.034 |
| m-estimate | m-estimate | Paired difference (95% CI) | p value | |
| Length of stay (days) | 6.66 | 6.98 | − 0.33 (− 0.42 to − 0.23) | < 0.001 |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 1.63 | 1.70 | − 0.07 (− 0.13 to − 0.01) | 0.028 |
| 30-day costs ($) | 22,744 | 23,547 | − 819 (− 1237 to − 399) | < 0.001 |
| 30-day nurse-adjusted costs ($) | 23,238 | 23,680 | − 459 (− 884 to − 35) | 0.034 |
| Congestive heart failure | ||||
| Number of patients | n = 16,332 | n = 16,332 | ||
| % | % | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
| 30-day mortality | 10.03 | 10.00 | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.08) | 0.925 |
| 30-day readmission (or death) | 29.88 | 30.33 | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.03) | 0.370 |
| ICU admission | 14.90 | 12.23 | 1.26 (1.18 to 1.35) | < .0001 |
| m-estimate | m-estimate | Paired difference (95% CI) | p value | |
| Length of stay (days) | 4.90 | 5.14 | − 0.25 (− 0.33 to − 0.16) | < 0.001 |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 0.48 | 0.36 | 0.12 (0.09 to 0.16) | < 0.001 |
| 30-day costs ($) | 15,979 | 15,714 | 187 (− 173 to 547) | 0.308 |
| 30-day nurse-adjusted costs ($) | 16,391 | 15,548 | 773 (408 to 1,137) | < 0.001 |
| Pneumonia | ||||
| Number of patients | n = 12,811 | n = 12,811 | ||
| % | % | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
| 30-day mortality | 10.32 | 10.50 | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.06) | 0.628 |
| 30-day readmission (or death) | 23.92 | 24.61 | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.02) | 0.179 |
| ICU admission | 10.25 | 9.71 | 1.06 (0.98 to 1.16) | 0.145 |
| m-estimate | m-estimate | Paired difference (95% CI) | p value | |
| Length of stay (days) | 4.88 | 5.25 | − 0.37 (− 0.46 to − 0.29) | < 0.001 |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.00 (− 0.03 to 0.04) | 0.892 |
| 30-day costs ($) | 13,664 | 14,349 | − 703 (− 1034 to − 372) | < 0.001 |
| 30-day nurse-adjusted costs ($) | 13,992 | 14,205 | − 220 (− 554 to 114) | 0.197 |
| Stroke | ||||
| Number of patients | n = 10,598 | n = 10,598 | ||
| % | % | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
| 30-day mortality | 13.38 | 14.18 | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.01) | 0.075 |
| 30-day readmission (or death) | 25.90 | 26.84 | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.01) | 0.108 |
| ICU admission | 26.32 | 23.53 | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.25) | <.0001 |
| m-estimate | m-estimate | Paired difference (95% CI) | p value | |
| Length of stay (days) | 4.28 | 4.47 | − 0.18 (− 0.27 to − 0.09) | < 0.001 |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.02 (− 0.03 to 0.07) | 0.405 |
| 30-day costs ($) | 15,455 | 15,463 | 10 (− 378 to 398) | 0.960 |
| 30-day nurse-adjusted costs ($) | 15,819 | 15,434 | 392 (2 to 784) | 0.049 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | ||||
| Number of patients | n = 8,858 | n = 8,858 | ||
| % | % | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
| 30-day mortality | 12.78 | 12.60 | 1.02 (0.93 to 1.12) | 0.706 |
| 30-day readmission (or death) | 30.74 | 31.67 | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.02) | 0.167 |
| ICU admission | 45.16 | 43.69 | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.14) | 0.034 |
| m-estimate | m-estimate | Paired difference (95% CI) | p value | |
| Length of stay (days) | 4.75 | 4.87 | − 0.14 (− 0.26 to − 0.01) | 0.030 |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 1.46 | 1.29 | 0.16 (0.08 to 0.24) | < 0.001 |
| 30-day costs ($) | 21,368 | 20,606 | 675 (33 to 1,315) | 0.039 |
| 30-day nurse-adjusted costs ($) | 21,705 | 20,530 | 1,090 (442 to 1,736) | < 0.001 |
p values for outcomes were calculated using McNemar test for binary outcomes and m-statistics for continuous ones