Table 2. Results of univariate analysis for factors associated with NAFLD having elevation of ALT among Non-MS, Pre-MS, and MS groups.
| Non-MS group | Pre-MS group | MS group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Gender | 4.880 (3.256–7.315) | < 0.001 | 2.901 (1.678–5.016) | < 0.001 | 1.753 (1.112–2.765) | < 0.05 | |
| Age | (years) | 1.000 (0.981–1.020) | 0.999 | 0.950 (0.923–0.978) | < 0.001 | 0.954 (0.927–0.981) | < 0.005 |
| BMI | (kg/m2) | 1.417 (1.329–1.511) | < 0.001 | 1.123 (1.050–1.200) | < 0.001 | 1.165 (1.099–1.235) | < 0.001 |
| WC | (cm) | 1.139 (1.110–1.169) | < 0.001 | 1.046 (1.014–1.079) | < 0.005 | 1.067 (1.040–1.095) | < 0.001 |
| SBP | (mmHg) | 1.019 (1.008–1.031) | < 0.001 | 0.995 (0.981–1.010) | 0.498 | 0.998 (0.986–1.010) | 0.715 |
| DBP | (mmHg) | 1.036 (1.020–1.052) | < 0.001 | 1.000 (0.980–1.021) | 0.999 | 1.013 (0.997–1.030) | 0.123 |
| Hypertension | 1.824 (1.244–2.674) | < 0.005 | 0.551 (0.344–0.882) | < 0.05 | 1.108 (0.528–2.324) | 0.787 | |
| T-CHO | (mg/dL) | 1.007 (1.002–1.012) | < 0.01 | 0.998 (0.991–1.005) | 0.610 | 1.001 (0.995–1.006) | 0.836 |
| TG | (mg/dL) | 1.011 (1.008–1.014) | < 0.001 | 1.002 (0.998–1.006) | 0.310 | 1.003 (1.001–1.005) | < 0.005 |
| HDL-C | (mg/dL) | 0.930 (0.915–0.944) | < 0.001 | 0.961 (0.941–0.982) | < 0.001 | 0.966 (0.950–0.983) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C | (mg/dL) | 1.016 (1.010–1.022) | < 0.001 | 1.002 (0.995–1.010) | 0.568 | 1.001 (0.995–1.007) | 0.704 |
| Dyslipidemia | 3.382 (2.265–5.048) | < 0.001 | 1.701 (1.044–2.771) | < 0.05 | 0.913 (0.537–1.553) | 0.738 | |
| FPG | (mg/dL) | 1.041 (1.028–1.054) | < 0.001 | 1.024 (1.000–1.048) | < 0.05 | 1.005 (0.998–1.012) | 0.142 |
| HbA1c | (%) | 3.376 (2.346–4.860) | < 0.001 | 1.851 (1.064–3.221) | < 0.05 | 1.296 (1.060–1.585) | < 0.05 |
| IGT | 3.062 (1.901–4.931) | < 0.001 | 1.614 (0.608–4.284) | 0.337 | 1.574 (1.063–2.331) | < 0.05 | |
| UA | (mg/dL) | 2.025 (1.748–2.346) | < 0.001 | 1.240 (1.031–1.490) | < 0.05 | 1.315 (1.125–1.536) | < 0.001 |
| AST | (IU/L) | 1.206 (1.173–1.240) | < 0.001 | 1.283 (1.212–1.358) | < 0.001 | 1.243 (1.187–1.301) | < 0.001 |
| GGT | (IU/L) | 1.020 (1.016–1.025) | < 0.001 | 1.030 (1.018–1.041) | < 0.001 | 1.040 (1.029–1.051) | < 0.001 |
| FIB-4 index | 0.748 (0.491–1.140) | 0.173 | 0.652 (0.382–1.112) | 0.652 | 1.338 (0.883–2.029) | 0.170 | |
| Smoker | 1.620 (0.870–3.015) | 0.150 | 1.239 (0.660–2.328) | 0.505 | 0.802 (0.464–1.385) | 0.428 | |
| Drinker | 0.878 (0.596–1.293) | 0.509 | 1.195 (0.758–1.886) | 0.444 | 0.864 (0.587–1.273) | 0.460 | |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MS, metabolic syndrome; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; OR, odds ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T-CHO, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; UA, uric acid; WC, waist circumference. Drinker: < 20 g/day of alcohol in male; < 10 g/day of alcohol in female.