Table 7. Comparison of 17 sulfur metabolites between subjects with and without NAFLD having elevation of ALT in 32 subjects with MS.
| Compound name | Relative area | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects without NAFLD having elevation of ALT (n = 14) | Subjects with NAFLD having elevation of ALT (n = 18) | p-value | |||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Glucose | 2.52E-03 | 4.43E-04 | 2.49E-03 | 4.61E-04 | 0.896 |
| Methionine | 7.67E-04 | 2.27E-04 | 8.10E-04 | 3.58E-04 | 0.640 |
| Serine | 0 | NA | 2.83E-04 | 1.20E-03 | 0.526 |
| Histidine | 6.06E-03 | 9.06E-04 | 5.94E-03 | 1.16E-03 | 0.694 |
| Cys-bimane | 1.37E-03 | 1.80E-04 | 1.51E-03 | 4.48E-04 | 0.613 |
| Cys-S-bimane | 1.18E-03 | 3.86E-04 | 1.06E-03 | 4.41E-04 | 0.283 |
| GS-bimane | 7.00E-05 | 5.69E-05 | 6.70E-05 | 5.60E-05 | 0.675 |
| GS-S-bimane | 3.47E-06 | 1.30E-05 | 1.79E-06 | 7.60E-06 | 0.851 |
| Sulfite-bimane | 1.69E-04 | 2.18E-04 | 1.26E-04 | 5.67E-05 | 0.955 |
| SDB | 8.70E-03 | 5.58E-03 | 8.67E-03 | 3.77E-03 | 0.319 |
| Thiosulfate-bimane | 2.59E-02 | 1.43E-02 | 2.52E-02 | 1.36E-02 | 0.955 |
| Ergothioneine-bimane | 2.30E-02 | 9.88E-03 | 2.43E-02 | 1.11E-02 | 0.750 |
| Cystathionine | 3.88E-04 | 8.51E-05 | 3.99E-04 | 8.46E-05 | 0.925 |
| GSSG [M+2H]2+ | 3.10E-05 | 3.20E-05 | 2.85E-05 | 3.33E-05 | 0.877 |
| Ergothioneine | 3.68E-05 | 1.38E-04 | 0 | NA | 0.415 |
| S-sulfocysteine | 1.98E-06 | 5.23E-06 | 0 | NA | 0.177 |
| Lactic acid | 1.17E-02 | 3.02E-03 | 1.17E-02 | 3.10E-03 | 0.894 |
P-value is based on Mann-Whitney U-test. Significant is at the 5% level. Peak areas of individual metabolites were normalized against the peak area of the internal standards, and the resulting values were represented as relative areas.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; Cys, cysteine; GS, glutathione; GSSG [M+2H]2+, glutathione oxide sulfide; MS, metabolic syndrome; NA, not applicable; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NS, not significant; S, sulfide; SD, standard deviation; SDB, sulfide dibimane.