Table 3.
Model dimensions, loading conditions, material type, peak contact pressure and simulation times for various footwear simulations. μ: Coefficient of friction; C: compression; S: shear; Pos: Positive value of shear stress; Neg: Negative value of shear stress. Simulation times were reported by finite element analysis package, Abaqus (Simulia, Providence, RI).
| Type of Mesh | No of Elements | No of Nodes | Element Length (mm) | Poisson’s Ratio | Load (N) | μ | Contact Pressure (kPa) | Contact Shear Stress (Pos/Neg, kPa) | CPU Time (Sec) | Wall Clock Time (Sec) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frictional contact and compressive load | ||||||||||
| Linear Hexahedral (C3D8H) | 33120 | 37235 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 300 (C) | 0.3 | 337.7 | 65.93/−66.2 | 27337 | 2322 |
| Linear Tetrahedral (C3D4H) | 106261 | 20206 | 1.35 | 0.5 | 300 (C) | 0.3 | 434.8 | 70.18/−67.57 | 24896 | 2389 |
| Quadratic Tetrahedral (C3D10I) | 39732 | 60858 | 0.8–2.5 | 0.5 | 300 (C) | 0.3 | 350.2 | 70.38/−71.05 | 90732 | 6765 |
| Frictional contact and combined compressive and shear load | ||||||||||
| Linear Hexahedral (C3D8H) | 33120 | 37235 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 700 (C) + 100 (S) | 0.3 | 968.9 | 138.9/−49.15 | 156195 | 13000 |
| Linear Tetrahedral (C3D4H) | 106261 | 20206 | 1.35 | 0.5 | 700 (C) + 100 (S) | 0.3 | 1028 | 148.2/−49.82 | 115958 | 10762 |
| Quadratic Tetrahedral (C3D10I) | 39732 | 60858 | 0.8–2.5 | 0.5 | 700 (C) + 100 (S) | 0.3 | 993.5 | 141.9/−55.02 | 342181 | 25874 |