Table 4.
Multivariate Logistic Regression Models for Psychological Distress in Adulthood, Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID)a (N=4,202).
| Model 1 OR | 95% CI | Model 2 OR | 95% CI | Model 3 OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early Adversity (Low) | ||||||
| Medium | 1.27 | (0.50, 3.24) | 1.30 | (0.51, 3.32) | --- | |
| High | 2.85* | (1.23, 6.56) | 2.82* | (1.18, 6.73) | --- | |
| Adult Adversity (Low) | ||||||
| Medium | 2.42* | (1.08, 5.45) | 2.70* | (1.11, 6.54) | --- | |
| High | 10.22*** | (3.98, 26.23) | 13.64*** | (4.61, 40.30) | --- | |
| Adult Adversity Change 2003–2013 (Same) | ||||||
| Improved | --- | 2.10 | (0.96, 4.61) | 2.32* | (1.02, 5.29) | |
| Worse | --- | 0.79 | (0.40, 1.54) | 0.82 | (0.41, 1.66) | |
| Early-Adult Adversity Interaction (Low-Low) | ||||||
| Low-Medium | --- | --- | 0.22 | (0.03, 1.55) | ||
| Low-High | --- | --- | 3.01 | (0.84, 10.86) | ||
| Medium-Low | --- | --- | 0.25 | (0.03, 1.84) | ||
| Medium-Medium | --- | --- | 1.40 | (0.39, 5.02) | ||
| Medium-High | 5.80* | (1.32, 25.49) | ||||
| High-Low | --- | --- | 0.39 | (0.11, 1.42) | ||
| High-Medium | --- | --- | 2.82 | (0.78, 10.14) | ||
| High-High | --- | --- | 13.08*** | (3.09, 55.39) | ||
| Male | 0.72 | (0.48, 1.08) | 0.72 | (0.48, 1.07) | 0.71 | (0.47, 1.07) |
| Race/Ethnicity (NH White) | ||||||
| NH Black | 0.96 | (0.50, 1.83) | 0.87 | (0.44, 1.72) | 0.87 | (0.43, 1.77) |
| Hispanic | 1.38 | (0.37, 5.15) | 1.46 | (0.39, 5.46) | 1.45 | (0.38, 5.55) |
| NH Asian/Pacific Islander | 2.52 | (0.59, 10.70) | 2.93 | (0.69, 12.55) | 2.89 | (0.67, 12.49) |
| NH America Indian/ | 0.39 | (0.05, 2.91) | 0.38 | (0.05, 3.11) | 0.41 | (0.05, 3.34) |
| Alaska Native | ||||||
| Age (30–39 years) | ||||||
| 40–49 years | 0.99 | (0.49, 2.01) | 1.07 | (0.51, 2.26) | 1.08 | (0.49, 2.41) |
| 50–59 years | 0.91 | (0.44, 1.85) | 0.93 | (0.46, 1.88) | 0.94 | (0.45, 1.94) |
| 60–69 years | 0.44 | (0.16, 1.23) | 0.49 | (0.17, 1.40) | 0.49 | (0.16, 1.50) |
| 70–79 years | 0.21 | (0.04, 1.23) | 0.23 | (0.04, 1.38) | 0.24 | (0.04, 1.52) |
| 80+ years | 0.54 | (0.16, 1.82) | 0.62 | (0.17, 2.25) | 0.65 | (0.18, 2.36) |
| Alcohol Use in Past Year (Does not drink) | ||||||
| Less than once a month | 0.69 | (0.28, 1.67) | 0.70 | (0.29, 1.70) | 0.69 | (0.28, 1.70) |
| About once a month | 0.84 | (0.35, 2.04) | 0.79 | (0.31, 2.01) | 0.77 | (0.30, 1.97) |
| Several times a month | 0.22* | (0.06, 0.87) | 0.23* | (0.06, 0.90) | 0.22* | (0.06, 0.87) |
| About once a week | 0.37 | (0.13, 1.05) | 0.39 | (0.14, 1.08) | 0.38 | (0.14, 1.04) |
| Several times a week | 0.26** | (0.11, 0.64) | 0.28** | (0.11, 0.68) | 0.27** | (0.11, 0.66) |
| Everyday | 2.82 | (0.70, 11.32) | 3.04 | (0.76, 12.11) | 2.85 | (0.73, 11.21) |
| Smoking Status (Never) | ||||||
| Current Smoker | 3 87*** | (2.11, 7.12) | 3 82*** | (2.08, 7.00) | 3 84*** | (2.06, 7.18) |
| Former Smoker | 1.64 | (0.70, 3.86) | 1.54 | (0.66, 3.59) | 1.50 | (0.63, 3.61) |
| Sedentary | 1.30 | (0.71, 2.39) | 1.25 | (0.68, 2.30) | 1.29 | (0.70, 2.36) |
| Fair/Poor Self-Rated Health as Child (Exc/Very good/Good) | 2.89* | (1.28, 6.53) | 2.85* | (1.21, 6.72) | 2.85* | (1.16, 7.00) |
a
Data from the full PSID and the 2014 PSID Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study Supplement were used.
*
p ≤ .05;
**
p ≤ .01;
***
p ≤ .001