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. 2020 Jun 19;105(10):e3575–e3585. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa382

Table 1.

Characteristics of the Study Population Grouped by HFF

HFF <5.5% (n= 29) HFF ≥5.5% (n= 44) P
DEMOGRAPHICS
Age (years) 12.9 (2.8) 13.3 (3.2) 0.616
Sex 0.316
 Male 13 (44.8%) 25 (56.8%)
 Female 16 (55.2%) 19 (43.2%)
Race 0.008
 Caucasian 7 (24.1%) 17 (38.6%)
 African American 9 (31.0%) 2 (4.5%)
 Hispanic 13 (44.8%) 25 (56.8%)
ANTHROPOMETRICS
Height (cm) 158.1 (12.6) 162.5 (13.2) 0.166
Weight (kg) 83.1 (24.4) 95.4 (25.9) 0.047
BMI (kg/m  2) 32.5 (6.8) 35.5 (6.4) 0.061
BMI z-score 2.2 (0.33) (n=29) 2.4 (0.32) (n=43) 0.008
GLUCOSE METABOLISM
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) 90.6 (5.8) 92.4 (9.8) 0.450
Fasting insulin (μU/mL) 24.6 (9.0) (n=29) 46.3 (26.8) (n=43) <0.001
2-hour glucose (mg/dL) 120.7 (23.8) 125.9 (29.9) 0.442
WBISI 2.1 (0.94) (n=29) 1.3 (0.75) (n=43) <0.001
LIPID PROFILE
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) 148.0 (29.4) (n=29) 152.9 (26.7) (n=43) 0.468
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) 46.6 (8.1) (n=29) 41.1 (9.6) (n=43) 0.014
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) 86.1 (26.2) (n=29) 86.5 (21.8) (n=43) 0.948
Triglycerides (mg/dL) 76.2 (39.2) (n=29) 133.1 (83.4) (n=43) <0.001
LIVER FUNCTION
Hepatic Fat Fraction (%) 1.4 (1.6) 19.6 (11.3) <0.001
ALT (U/L) 17.9 (7.6) (n=28) 46.5 (32.2) (n=41) <0.001
BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION
Visceral (cm  2) 53.0 (21.7) 87.3 (34.0) <0.001
Subcutaneous (cm  2) 541.1 (270.9) 567.8 (186.3) 0.253
GENETIC COMPOSITION
PNPLA3 rs738409 <0.001
 CC 16 (55.2%) 13 (29.5%)
 CG 13 (44.8%) 12 (27.3%)
 GG 0 (0%) 19 (43.2%)

Statistically significant P values are indicated in bold.

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PNPLA3, Patatin-like phospholipase 3 gene; WBISI, whole-body insulin sensitivity index.