Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population Grouped by HFF
| HFF <5.5% (n= 29) | HFF ≥5.5% (n= 44) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEMOGRAPHICS | |||
| Age (years) | 12.9 (2.8) | 13.3 (3.2) | 0.616 |
| Sex | 0.316 | ||
| Male | 13 (44.8%) | 25 (56.8%) | |
| Female | 16 (55.2%) | 19 (43.2%) | |
| Race | 0.008 | ||
| Caucasian | 7 (24.1%) | 17 (38.6%) | |
| African American | 9 (31.0%) | 2 (4.5%) | |
| Hispanic | 13 (44.8%) | 25 (56.8%) | |
| ANTHROPOMETRICS | |||
| Height (cm) | 158.1 (12.6) | 162.5 (13.2) | 0.166 |
| Weight (kg) | 83.1 (24.4) | 95.4 (25.9) | 0.047 |
| BMI (kg/m 2) | 32.5 (6.8) | 35.5 (6.4) | 0.061 |
| BMI z-score | 2.2 (0.33) (n=29) | 2.4 (0.32) (n=43) | 0.008 |
| GLUCOSE METABOLISM | |||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 90.6 (5.8) | 92.4 (9.8) | 0.450 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 24.6 (9.0) (n=29) | 46.3 (26.8) (n=43) | <0.001 |
| 2-hour glucose (mg/dL) | 120.7 (23.8) | 125.9 (29.9) | 0.442 |
| WBISI | 2.1 (0.94) (n=29) | 1.3 (0.75) (n=43) | <0.001 |
| LIPID PROFILE | |||
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 148.0 (29.4) (n=29) | 152.9 (26.7) (n=43) | 0.468 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 46.6 (8.1) (n=29) | 41.1 (9.6) (n=43) | 0.014 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 86.1 (26.2) (n=29) | 86.5 (21.8) (n=43) | 0.948 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 76.2 (39.2) (n=29) | 133.1 (83.4) (n=43) | <0.001 |
| LIVER FUNCTION | |||
| Hepatic Fat Fraction (%) | 1.4 (1.6) | 19.6 (11.3) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 17.9 (7.6) (n=28) | 46.5 (32.2) (n=41) | <0.001 |
| BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION | |||
| Visceral (cm 2) | 53.0 (21.7) | 87.3 (34.0) | <0.001 |
| Subcutaneous (cm 2) | 541.1 (270.9) | 567.8 (186.3) | 0.253 |
| GENETIC COMPOSITION | |||
| PNPLA3 rs738409 | <0.001 | ||
| CC | 16 (55.2%) | 13 (29.5%) | |
| CG | 13 (44.8%) | 12 (27.3%) | |
| GG | 0 (0%) | 19 (43.2%) |
Statistically significant P values are indicated in bold.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PNPLA3, Patatin-like phospholipase 3 gene; WBISI, whole-body insulin sensitivity index.