Table 3.

Results of the multiple regression analyses with standardized coefficients (β) and P values based on the heteroscedasticity-robust HC3 estimator (P_HC3) or standard OLS estimates (P_OLSE).

Independent variable	Motivation for social distancing (R2=.547, P<.001)		Motivation for using a contact tracing app (R2=.457, P<.001)		Motivation for providing the infection status to a contact tracing app (R2=.423, P<.001)		Motivation for using the Data Donation app (R2=.344, P<.001)
	β	PHC3 a	β	POLSE b	β	POLSE	β	POLSE
Age	–.034	.34	–.021	.61	–.014	.74	–.088	.05
Genderc	–.015	.70	–.047	.22	–.007	.85	.027	.52
Severity of infection	.117	.003	.077	.09	.027	.56	.039	.43
Vulnerability to infection	–.014	.74	.072	.14	.042	.40	.015	.77
Rewards of avoiding social distancing	–.254	<.001	–.017	.70	–.051	.26	–.058	.23
Self-efficacy regarding social distancing	.211	<.001	.128	.006	.089	.06	.008	.88
Response efficacy of social distancing	.401	<.001	.103	.045	.098	.07	.092	.11
Response costs of social distancing	.029	.41	.137	.001	.056	.18	.040	.37
Trust in other people’s social distancing behavior	.118	.003	–.078	.046	–.087	.03	–.103	.02
Day of participation	–.025	.53	–.042	.29	–.012	.77	–.027	.53
Severity of data misuse	N/Ad	N/A	–.098	.03	–.075	.11	–.070	.16
Vulnerability to data misuse	N/A	N/A	–.219	<.001	–.224	<.001	–.195	.001
General trust in official app providers	N/A	N/A	.379	<.001	.384	<.001	.353	<.001

^aP_HC3: P value based on the heteroscedasticity-robust HC3 estimator.

^bP_OLSE: P value based on the standard ordinary least squares estimate.

^c0=male, 1=female.

^dNot applicable.