Table 4.
Results of univariable logistic regression
| Predictor | OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|
| Male | 1.14 (0.54–2.39) | 0.73 |
| Age at surgery | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 0.27 |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never smoker | Ref | |
| Current smoker | 0.39 (0.11–1.41) | 0.15 |
| Ex-smoker | 0.93 (0.35–2.39) | 0.87 |
| Smoking pack-years | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.19 |
| COPD | 0.67 (0.27–1.64) | 0.37 |
| Distance from hospital ≥ 100 km | 0.84 (0.56–1.26) | 0.39 |
| DLCO | ||
| High risk (DLCO ≤ 60) | Ref | |
| Low risk (DLCO > 60) | 0.58 (0.22–1.57) | 0.30 |
| FEV1 | ||
| High risk (FEV1 ≤ 60) | Ref | |
| Low risk FEV1 > 60) | 2.01 (0.24–16.59) | 0.52 |
| Clinical stage | ||
| I | Ref | |
| II–III | 0.07 (0.01–0.52) | 0.011 |
| Pathologic stage | ||
| I | Ref | |
| II–III | 0.26 (0.07–0.91) | 0.035 |
| Lobe removed | ||
| RUL | Ref | |
| RML | 2.13 (0.66–6.81) | 0.21 |
| RLL | 0.39 (0.10–1.47) | 0.16 |
| LUL | 0.85 (0.34–2.10) | 0.72 |
| LLL | 0.45 (0.09–2.19) | 0.32 |
| Indication for resection | ||
| Primary lung cancer | Ref | |
| Metastasis | 4.55 (1.47–14.51) | 0.01 |
| ASA classification | ||
| 1 or 2 | Ref | |
| 3 or 4 | 0.50 (0.22–1.14) | 0.10 |
| Time of surgery (pm v. am) | 0.90 (0.41–1.97) | 0.79 |
| Operative time longer than 120 min | 0.42 (0.18–0.95) | 0.04 |
| Total duration of surgery (longer than 180 min) | 0.35 (0.13–0.96) | 0.04 |
| PACU duration longer than 150 min | 0.43 (0.20–0.91) | 0.03 |
| Surgical complications | 0.04 (0.01–0.30) | 0.002 |
| Chest tube duration | 0.20 (0.09–0.46) | < 0.001 |
| Additional resection | 0.56 (0.12–2.54) | 0.45 |
| No. of comorbidities | 0.83 (0.61–1.14) | 0.25 |
| Surgeon | ||
| A | Ref | |
| B | 0.91 (0.04–19.72) | 0.95 |
| C | 0.51 (0.03–9.79) | 0.65 |
| D | 1.09 (0.51–2.31) | 0.82 |
| Era of surgery | ||
| Before 2015 | Ref | |
| 2015 or after | 1.62 (0.73–3.61) | 0.23 |
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; CI = confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DLCO = diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 s; LLL = left lower lobe; LOS1 = discharged within 23 hours; LOS2+ = discharged on postoperative day 2 or later; LUL = left upper lobe; OR = odds ratio; PACU = postanesthesia care unit; Ref = reference category; RLL = right lower lobe; RML = right middle lobe; RUL = right upper lobe.