Table 1. Available pathological risk criteria and the use in various definitions.

	Lymphangio-invasion	Poor or signet cell differentiation	Grade 2–3 tumor budding	≥ 1 mm submucosal invasion	Resection margin not free or indeterminable	Margin free, but tumor-free margin < 1 mm
Dutch guideline 11	x	x			x	uncertain
Scottish model 12	x				x
French model 13	x				x	x
Japanese guideline 14	x	x	x	x	x

“x” confers high-risk status.