TABLE 3.
Mean values of selected markers of lipid and glucose metabolism (with 95% CIs) in the EPIC-CVD subcohort according to quintiles of energy-adjusted dietary glycemic index and glycemic load1
| Quintiles of energy-adjusted dietary GI or GL | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | IV | V | P value2 | |
| Dietary GL | ||||||
| Non-HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.41 (4.35, 4.46) | 4.39 (4.35, 4.43) | 4.44 (4.40, 4.48) | 4.47 (4.43, 4.51) | 4.47 (4.41, 4.53) | 0.1155 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.54 (1.52, 1.56) | 1.50 (1.49, 1.52) | 1.48 (1.47, 1.50) | 1.47 (1.46, 1.48) | 1.46 (1.44, 1.48) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.32 (1.28, 1.36) | 1.28 (1.25, 1.32) | 1.34 (1.31, 1.37) | 1.35 (1.31, 1.38) | 1.35 (1.31, 1.39) | 0.0878 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 2.06 (1.86, 2.25) | 2.16 (2.01, 2.31) | 2.30 (2.15, 2.45) | 2.27 (2.11, 2.42) | 2.37 (2.17, 2.58) | 0.3424 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.94 (4.88, 4.99) | 4.92 (4.87, 4.96) | 4.92 (4.88, 4.96) | 4.94 (4.89, 4.98) | 4.96 (4.90, 5.03) | 0.7453 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.46 (5.44, 5.49) | 5.47 (5.45, 5.49) | 5.47 (5.46, 5.49) | 5.49 (5.47, 5.50) | 5.48 (5.46, 5.50) | 0.6893 |
| Dietary GI | ||||||
| Non-HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.39 (4.35, 4.43) | 4.39 (4.35, 4.43) | 4.46 (4.42, 4.50) | 4.44 (4.40, 4.48) | 4.49 (4.45 4.53) | 0.0055 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.51 (1.49, 1.52) | 1.50 (1.49, 1.52) | 1.48 (1.47, 1.50) | 1.48 (1.47, 1.50) | 1.49 (1.47, 1.50) | 0.0423 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.32 (1.29, 1.35) | 1.28 (1.25, 1.31) | 1.33 (1.30, 1.36) | 1.32 (1.29, 1.36) | 1.38 (1.35, 1.41) | 0.0011 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 2.08 (1.92, 2.23) | 2.15 (2.00, 2.30) | 2.22 (2.07, 2.36) | 2.28 (2.13, 2.42) | 2.43 (2.28, 2.59) | 0.0340 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.95 (4.90, 4.99) | 4.91 (4.87, 4.96) | 4.93 (4.88, 4.97) | 4.93 (4.88, 4.97) | 4.95 (4.90, 5.00) | 0.6923 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.47 (5.45, 5.49) | 5.47 (5.45, 5.49) | 5.48 (5.46, 5.50) | 5.48 (5.46, 5.49) | 5.48 (5.46, 5.49) | 0.8679 |
1
Means adjusted for age (continuous); sex; EPIC center; smoking; education; physical activity; BMI; blood pressure; and intakes of energy, protein, alcohol, fiber, and saturated and monounsaturated fat. CVD, cardiovascular disease; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; GI, glycemic index; GL, glycemic load; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.
2
ANCOVA.