TABLE 5.
Subgroup analyses: HRs (with 95% CIs) for first coronary heart disease event according to quintiles of dietary glycemic load and glycemic index in the EPIC study1
| Quintiles of energy-adjusted dietary GL or GI | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | IV | V | P-trend2 | Continuous3 | |
| Dietary GL | |||||||
| Excluding cases diagnosed in the first 2 y (5648 cases) | |||||||
| Model 34,5 | 1 | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 1.00 (0.91, 1.11) | 1.07 (0.95, 1.19) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.26) | 0.186 | 1.15 (1.04, 1.27) |
| Men only (4251 cases) | |||||||
| Model 34 | 1 | 1.07 (0.97, 1.18) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.20) | 1.13 (1.01, 1.27) | 1. 17 (1.02, 1.34) | 0.027 | 1.19 (1.08, 1.30) |
| Women only (2103 cases) | |||||||
| Model 34 | 1 | 1.12 (0.96, 1.30) | 1.11 (0.96, 1.30) | 1.14 (0.97, 1.34) | 1.23 (1.02, 1.47) | 0.062 | 1.22 (1.07, 1.40) |
| P heterogeneity | 0.588 | ||||||
| According to BMI, kg/m2 | |||||||
| <25 (2025 cases) | |||||||
| Model 34,5 | 1 | 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) | 0.90 (0.78, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.16) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.16) | 0.984 | 1.09 (0.96, 1.22) |
| ≥25 (4329 cases) | |||||||
| Model 34,5 | 1 | 1.14 (1.03, 1.26) | 1.15 (1.03, 1.28) | 1.16 (1.03, 1.31) | 1.26 (1.10, 1.44) | 0.004 | 1.22 (1.11, 1.35) |
| P heterogeneity | 0.022 | ||||||
| Dietary GI | |||||||
| Excluding cases diagnosed in the first 2 y (5648 cases) | |||||||
| Model 34,5 | 1 | 0.98 (0.89, 1.07) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.14) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.16) | 0.115 | 1.03 (0.99, 1.08) |
| Men only (4251 cases) | |||||||
| Model 34 | 1 | 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) | 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.11) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) | 0.396 | 1.02 (0.98, 1.07) |
| Women only (2103 cases) | |||||||
| Model 34 | 1 | 1.11 (0.97, 1.28) | 1.24 (1.08, 1.42) | 1.11 (0.96, 1.28) | 1.22 (1.06, 1.40) | 0.014 | 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) |
| P heterogeneity | 0.090 | ||||||
| According to BMI, kg/m2 | |||||||
| <25 (2025 cases) | |||||||
| Model 34,5 | 1 | 1.03 (0.88, 1.21) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.16) | 1.00 (0.86, 1.16) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.21) | 0.686 | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) |
| ≥25 (4329 cases) | |||||||
| Model 34,5 | 1 | 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) | 1.10 (0.99, 1.22) | 1.06 (0.96, 1.18) | 1.10 (0.99, 1.22) | 0.026 | 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) |
| P heterogeneity | 0.674 | ||||||
1
HRs and 95% CIs estimated from Cox proportional hazard models. EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; GI, glycemic index; GL, glycemic load.
2
Interquintile test for trend calculated by orthogonal polynomial contrasts.
3
For 50 g/d increments of dietary GL or 5 units/d increments of dietary GI.
4
Stratified by age and recruitment center and adjusted for smoking, education, physical activity, BMI, blood pressure variable, and intakes of energy, protein, alcohol, cereal fiber, and saturated and monounsaturated fat.
5
Additionally stratified by sex.