Table 2. Cross-Sectional Studies on the Association of CAVI with the Presence of Cardiovascular Disease.
| Author | Country | Subjects | Mean Age | Mean CAVI | Multivariate Analysis | What is Cut-off Value of CAVI for? | Cut-off Value | NRI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nakamura et al. 2008 26) | Japan | 109 participants who underwent coronary angiography | 58.0–67.6 | Not described | CAVI was an independent variables of coronary atherosclerosis severity, but mean IMT, maximum IMT and plaque score were not. | Presence of CAD. (Significant coronary stenosis defined as ≥ 75%) | 8.81 | Not described |
| Takenaka et al. 2008 118) | Japan | 68 patients with endstage renal diseases | 60 | 7.8 | Not described. | Presence of CVD. | 7.55 | Not described |
| Park et al. 2012 32) | Korea | 158 Normoglycemic Subjects and 373 subjects with abnormal glucose metabolism | 56–58 | 7.5–7.9 | Adjusted CAVI ≥ 8.0 was independently associated with significant coronary artery stenosis (OR 3.143). | Predicting ≥ 50% coronary artery stenosis. | 8.0 | Not described |
| Yingchoncharoen et al. 2012 31) | Thailand | 1,391 patients with a moderate to high risk for CAD | 59 | Not described | There was a correlation between CAVI and the prevalence of coronary stenosis after adjusting for traditional CAD risk factors (OR 3.29). | Presence of CAD. (Significant coronary stenosis defined as ≥ 50%) | 8.0 | 0.277 (p < 0.0001) |
| Gomez-Sanchez et al. 2015 41) | Spain | 500 subjects with intermediate level of CV risk factor | 60.3 | 8.59 | IMT and PWV maintained a positive association with adjusted CAVI. | Detecting mean IMT > 0.90 mm and maxima IMT > 0.90 mm. | 8.95 (mean IMT > 0.90) (maxima IMT > 0.90) | Not described |
| Hitsumoto et al. 2019 119) | Japan | 405 patients with CV risk factors | 64 | 8.7 | CAVI was selected as independent factor for pulsatility index of common carotid artery as a subordinate factor. | High pulsatility index of common carotid artery (> 1.60) as a risk value of stroke incidence. | 9.1 | Not described |
CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index; NRI, net reclassification improvement; IMT, intima-media thickness; CAD, coronary artery disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; OR, odds ratio; CV, cardiovascular; PWV, pulse wave velocity