Figure 4. Reduction of pulmonary inflammation by morin hydrate in A/PR/8-infected mice. Mice were infected with 5×10³ pfu of A/PR/8 per mouse and treated with morin hydrate and/or oseltamivir phosphate for 5 days. (A) CCL-2, (B) TNF-α, and (C) IL-1β levels were estimated in the supernatants of lung tissue homogenates at 7 days post-infection. Data are expressed as the mean±SEM of the values from 3 independent experiments.

^*p<0.05, ^**p<0.01, and ^***p<0.001, based on ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparison test.