Table 2.
Six- and 12-Month Outcomes of Referral to Medical Nutrition Therapy, In-Person Lifestyle Intervention, or Telephone Lifestyle Intervention
| 6-month follow-up | 12-month follow-up | Overall P value* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MNT | In-person LI | Telephone LI | MNT | In-person LI | Telephone LI | In-person LI vs. MNT | Telephone LI vs. MNT | In-person vs. telephone LI | |
| N | 66 | 69 | 72 | 64 | 69 | 70 | |||
| Weight, kg, mean (SD) | 98.5 (21.0) | 93.3 (16.8) | 91.6 (18.0) | 97.7 (18.0) | 94.4 (17.5) | 91.7 (18.9) | 0.19 | 0.046 | 0.50 |
| Weight change from baseline, %, mean (SD) | − 1.1 (3.7) | − 5.6 (4.9) | − 4.6 (5.8) | − 2.0 (4.1) | − 4.6 (6.1) | − 4.8 (6.1) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.63 |
| Weight change, kg, mean (SD) | − 1.2 (3.7) | − 5.6 (4.9) | − 4.6 (6.0) | − 2.1 (4.7) | − 4.5 (5.5) | − 4.6 (6.3) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.59 |
| Weight loss, ≥ 5%, n (%) | 10 (15.2) | 34 (49.3) | 32 (44.4) | 14 (21.9) | 33 (48.5) | 31 (43.7) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.54 |
| Weight loss, ≥ 10%, n (%) | 1 (1.5) | 13 (18.8) | 12 (16.7) | 2 (3.1) | 12 (17.6) | 12 (16.9) | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.78 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD) | 7.5 (1.2) | 7.2 (1.4) | 7.2 (1.1) | 7.4 (1.1) | 7.4 (1.2) | 7.4 (1.3) | 0.45 | 0.54 | 0.89 |
| HbA1c change from baseline, mean (SD) | − 0.3 (1.1) | − 0.6 (0.8) | − 0.5 (1.2) | − 0.4 (1.2) | − 0.4 (0.8) | − 0.2 (1.3) | 0.39 | 0.98 | 0.43 |
| HbA1c < 8, n (%) | 42 (64.6) | 54 (79.4) | 57 (80.3) | 44 (71.0) | 51 (76.1) | 52 (74.3) | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.92 |
| HbA1c < 7, n (%) | 26 (40.0) | 34 (50.0) | 35 (49.3) | 27 (43.5) | 27 (40.3) | 30 (42.9) | 0.75 | 0.66 | 0.91 |
| Systolic blood pressure change, mmHg, mean (SD) | 0.0 (14.7) | − 4.0 (15.0) | − 2.3 (14.4) | 1.8 (15.8) | − 2.0 (14.9) | − 1.0 (14.7) | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.54 |
| Diastolic blood pressure change, mmHg, mean (SD) | − 0.9 (7.6) | − 1.3 (8.1) | − 2.0 (8.2) | 1.5 (8.0) | − 0.3 (7.4) | − 1.5 (7.6) | 0.42 | 0.13 | 0.49 |
| Total cholesterol change, mg/dl, mean, (SD) | 0.0 (25.1) | − 6.2 (27.0) | − 4.3 (27.9) | −1.6 (30.4) | − 7.6 (29.4) | 1.1 (28.9) | 0.14 | 0.82 | 0.20 |
| High-density lipoprotein change, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 1.0 (6.0) | 1.7 (7.1) | 2.9 (6.8) | 1.8 (5.7) | 3.7 (6.4) | 3.8 (6.5) | 0.21 | 0.059 | 0.53 |
| Low-density lipoprotein change, mg/dl, mean (SD) | − 3.3 (22.4) | − 3.0 (21.0) | − 3.5 (26.0) | −3.3 (23.5) | − 7.7 (24.4) | − 0.6 (24.7) | 0.57 | 0.78 | 0.39 |
| Triglyceride change, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 12.5 (79.7) | − 56.0 (252.6) | − 21.3 (80.7) | 5.3 (72.9) | − 59.0 (265.4) | −6.5 (107.0) | 0.019 | 0.40 | 0.12 |
| MMAS, change mean (SD) | − 0.08 (1.43) | − 0.08 (1.38) | − 0.04 (1.48) | 0.07 (1.18) | 0.13 (1.17) | 0.03 (1.11) | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.93 |
MNT medical nutrition therapy compared to in-person lifestyle intervention and telephone conference call lifestyle intervention, MMAS Morisky Medication Adherence Scale
*P values for change from baseline from repeated measures analysis combining data from both 6-month and 12-month follow-up; P values for 6- and 12-month time points are individually reported in Appendix Table 2