Table 3.

Main dentofacial characteristics or types of malocclusions of interest reported in the included studies

Author, year, country	Chin	Lips, Lip incompetence or coverage	Teeth	Space between teeth, missing teeth	Crowding	Deep bite, > 5 mm, > 7 mm	Prominent anterior teeth, incisal prominence, incisor relationship	Maxillary overjet, > 4 mm, > 6 mm, > 9 mm	Cross bite, scissors bite	Retrognathic mandible	Prominent mandibular anterior teeth	Prognathic mandible	Anterior open bite	Gummy smile	Cephalometric measurements
Shaw et al, 1980 [22], UK	_	+, _	+	_	+	_, _, _	+, +, +	+, _, _, _	_, _	_	_	_	_	_	_
Helm et al, 1985 [23],Denmark	_	_, _	+	+, _	+	+, +, +	+, +, +	+, _, +, +	+, +	_	+	_	+	_	_
Rwakatema et al, 2006 [24], Tanzania	_	_	+	_	_	_, _, _	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
Badran et al., 2010 [21], Jordan	_	_, _	+	+, +	+	+, _, _	+, +, +	+, _, _, _	+, _	_	+	_	+	_	_
Seehra et al., 2011 [16], UK	+	+, +	+	+, +	+	+, _, _	+ ,+, +	+, +, +, +	+, +	+	+	+	+	_	+
Al-Bitar et al. 2013 [15], Jordan	+	+, +	+	+, +	+	+, _, _	+,+,+	+, _, _, _	_, _	+	+	+	+	+	_
Agel et al., 2014 [17], East UK	_	+, +	+	_	_	_	+,+,+	+, _, +, +	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
Chikaod et al., 2017 [25], Nigeria	+	+, +	+	+, +	+	+, _, _	+,+,+	+, _, _, _	_, _	+	+	+	+	+	_
Julca-Ching et al. 2019 [26], Peru	_	_, _	+	+, +	_	_	+,+,+	+, _, _, _	_, _	_	_	_	+	_	_

+ Reported, _ not reported