Table 4.

Associated factors with PrEP adherence ^a , 4A at month 3 of follow‐up 4B at month 6

	N	PrEP adherent a N %		Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	p‐value	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	p‐value
Characteristics (Total N = 160)
Month 3 follow‐up
Total	160	84	52.5
Gender identity
MSM	120	74	61.7	4.83 (2.16, 10.79)	0.003	3.13 (1.30, 7.55)	0.01
TGW	40	10	25.0	1
Age at enrolment(years)
15 to 17	49	17	34.7	1
18 to 19	111	67	60.4	2.87 (1.42, 5.77)	0.003	1.91 (0.87, 4.20)	0.11
Education
≤Junior high school	70	30	42.9	1
≥Senior high school	90	54	60.0	2.00 (1.06, 3.77)	0.03
No. of sex partners in past month
0	48	17	35.4	1
1	70	40	57.1	2.43 (1.14, 5.20)	0.02	1.62 (0.69, 3.79)	0.26
≥2	42	27	64.3	3.28 (1.38, 7.80)	0.007	1.74 (0.66, 4.63)	0.26
Condom use in past month (N = 112)
Consistent use	38	21	55.3	1
Inconsistent use	74	46	62.2	1.33 (0.66, 2.94)	0.48
Substance use in past three months b
No	137	70	51.1	1
Yes	23	14	60.9	1.49 (0.60, 3.67)	0.39
Self‐perceived HIV acquisition risk (N = 157)
Not at risk	96	42	43.8	1
At risk	61	40	65.6	2.45 (1.26, 4.76)	0.008	1.74 (0.84, 3.63)	0.14
Laboratory diagnosed STI at baseline
No	123	63	51.2	1
Yes	37	21	56.8	1.25 (0.60, 2.62)	0.56
Intervention
YFS	79	40	50.6	1
YFS + APP	81	44	54.3	1.16 (0.62, 2.16)	0.64	1.08 (0.54, 2.16)	0.82
Characteristics (total N = 141)
Month 6 follow‐up
Total	141	66	46.8
Gender identity
MSM	105	57	54.3	3.56 (1.53, 8.30)	0.003	2.44 (0.96, 6.20)	0.06
TGW	36	9	25.0	1
Age at enrolment (years)
15 to 17	42	12	28.6	1
18 to 19	99	54	54.6	3.00 (1.38, 6.53)	0.006	1.89 (0.80, 4.50)	0.15
Education
≤Junior high school	63	23	36.5	1
≥Senior high school	78	43	55.1	2.14 (1.08, 4.22)	0.03
No. of sex partners in past month
0	41	16	39.0	1
1	62	25	40.3	1.06 (0.47, 2.37)	0.90	0.80 (0.33, 1.91)	0.61
≥2	38	25	65.8	3.00 (1.20, 7.52)	0.02	1.94 (0.71, 5.30)	0.20
Condom use in past month (N = 100)
Consistent use	33	17	51.5	1
Inconsistent use	67	33	49.2	0.91 (0.40, 2.10)	0.83
Substance use in past three months b
No	118	57	48.3	1
Yes	23	9	39.1	0.69 (0.28, 1.71)	0.42
Self‐perceived HIV acquisition risk
Not at risk	89	37	41.6	1
At risk	52	29	55.8	1.77 (0.89, 3.54)	0.10	1.28 (0.60, 2.76)	0.52
Laboratory diagnosed STI at baseline
No	107	51	47.7	1
Yes	34	15	44.1	0.87 (0.40, 1.88)	0.72
Intervention
YFS	68	30	44.1	1
YFS + APP	73	36	49.3	1.23 (0.64, 2.39)	0.54	1.18 (0.58, 2.42)	0.64

Bold value indicates p < 0.1. fmol/punch, femtomoles per 3 mm punch; MSM, men who have sex with men; TGW, transgender women; STI, sexually transmitted infection, laboratory confirmed and included syphilis, Neisseria gonorrhoea and Chlamydia trachomatis, the latter 2 from anal swab and urine samples; TFV‐DP DBS, tenofovir diphosphate dried blood spots; YFS, Youth‐friendly services; YFS + APP, Youth‐friendly services plus mobile phone application.

^a“PrEP adherent” defined as TFV‐DP DBS concentrations ≥700 fmol/punch [equivalent to ≥4 doses of TDF/week].

^b“substance use” defined as alcohol, sildenafil citrate and other recreational and illicit drug use including alcohol, amphetamines, methamphetamines, ketamine, poppers (volatile alkyl nitrates), marijuana and sildenafil citrate.