Table 1.
Outcomes in pregnant and recently pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19)
| Outcomes | No of studies | Women (No with event/No in group (%)) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | I2 (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnant women with covid-19 | Comparison group | ||||
| Comparison group: non-pregnant women of reproductive age with covid-19 | |||||
| All cause mortality | 11 | 242/122 222 (0.2) | 5252/2 138 726 (0.2) | 1.48 (0.62 to 3.49) | 95.9 |
| ICU admission | 10 | 912/118 403 (0.8) | 11 513/1 908 957 (0.6) | 2.61 (1.84 to 3.71) | 85.6 |
| Invasive ventilation | 8 | 310/116 458 (0.3) | 3607/1 772 716 (0.2) | 2.41 (2.13 to 2.71) | 0 |
| ECMO | 5 | 19/30 694 (0.1) | 122/432 623 (0.0) | 3.71 (0.71 to 19.41) | 64.5 |
| Oxygen through nasal cannula | 2 | 8/48 (16.7) | 49/106 (46.2) | 0.21 (0.04 to 1.09) | 63.9 |
| ARDS | 4 | 22/197 (11.2) | 45/418 (10.8) | 1.19 (0.24 to 5.95) | 75.0 |
| Major organ failure | 4 | 5/197 (2.5) | 28/418 (6.7) | 0.39 (0.15 to 1.04) | 0 |
| Comparison group: pregnant women without covid-19 | |||||
| Maternal outcomes: | |||||
| All cause mortality | 21 | 47/11 362 (0.4) | 37/411 126 (0.0) | 6.09 (1.82 to 20.38) | 76.6 |
| ICU admission | 21 | 447/12 957 (3.4) | 1962/459 359 (0.4) | 5.41 (3.59 to 8.14) | 57.0 |
| Preterm birth <37 weeks | 48 | 1306/12 076 (10.8) | 26 068/436 964 (6.0) | 1.57 (1.36 to 1.81) | 49.3 |
| Caesarean section | 53 | 4165/12 385 (33.6) | 147 645/614 402 (24.0) | 1.17 (1.01 to 1.36) | 80.3 |
| Perinatal outcomes: | |||||
| Stillbirth | 25 | 76/9338 (0.8) | 1397/414 139 (0.3) | 1.81 (1.38 to 2.37) | 0 |
| Neonatal death | 21 | 16/3153 (0.5) | 28/9 263 (0.3) | 2.35 (1.16 to 4.76) | 0 |
| Admission to neonatal unit | 29 | 687/4072 (16.9) | 6968/193 124 (3.6) | 2.18 (1.46 to 3.26) | 85.4 |
| Abnormal Apgar score at 5 minutes | 16 | 41/1607 (2.6) | 7776/190 638 (4.1) | 1.31 (0.90 to 1.93) | 0 |
| Fetal distress | 6 | 131/1073 (12.2) | 246/3933 (6.3) | 2.22 (1.45 to 3.41) | 41.8 |
ICU=intensive care unit; ECMO=extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ARDS=acute respiratory distress syndrome. Includes historical comparative cohorts from; Vousden et al 2021122 (694 women)—all cause mortality, admission to intensive care unit, caesarean section, preterm birth, stillbirth, neonatal death, and admission to neonatal unit; Li et al 2020123 (242 women)—preterm birth, caesarean section, and fetal distress; Gulersen et al 202058 (50 women)—caesarean section; Overtoom et al 2020124 (183 413 women)—caesarean section, admission to neonatal unit, and abnormal Apgar at 5 minutes; Janevic et al 202194 (3508 women)—preterm birth; Facchetti et al 2020125 (86 women)—stillbirth and abnormal Apgar at 5 minutes.