Table 1.
Characteristics of the randomized placebo-controlled trials included in the meta-analysis.
| Study, publish year | Study sites | Study duration | No of patients | Study population | Intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amrein et al., 2011 | Single center in Austria | 2009–2010 | 25 | Adult patients expected to stay in the ICU for 48 h or more, and had a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level ≤ 20 ng/mL | Single enteral dose of vitamin D3 540,000 IUs |
| Leaf et al., 2014 | Two centers in USA | 2013 | 67 | ICU adult patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and presence of an arterial or central venous catheter | Single intravenous dose of calcitriol 2 μg |
| Amrein et al., 2014 | Single center in Austria | 2012–2015 | 475 | Patients who were 18 years or older expected to stay in the ICU for 48 h or more, and had a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level ≤ 20 ng/mL | Single enteral dose of vitamin D3 540,000 IUs followed by monthly maintenance doses of 90,000 IU for 5 months |
| Quraishi et al., 2015 | Single center in USA | 2014 | 30 | Adult patients admitted to medical or surgical ICU and with 24 h of new onset sepsis | Single enteral dose of vitamin D3 200,000 IU or 400,000 IUs |
| Han et al., 2016 | Two centers in USA | NR | 30 | Adult patients received care in ICU, expected to require MV for ≥ 72 h and expected to survive and remain in ICU for ≥ 96 h | Different vitamin D3 enteral doses divided more than 5 consecutive days (50,000 IU or 100,000 IU daily) |
| Miroliaee et al., 2017 | Two centers in Iran | 2014–2015 | 46 | Adult patients who had been diagnosed wtih ventilator-associated pneumonia and 25-hydroxyvitamin D level ≤ 30 ng/mL | 300,000 IUs of intramuscular vitamin D |
| Ginde et al., 2019 | 44 centers in USA | 2017–2018 | 1,078 | Adult patients admitted to ICU and had 25-hydroxyvitamin D level ≤ 20 ng/mL | a single enteral dose of 540,000 IU1 |
| Hasanloei et al., 2019 | Single center in Iran | 2017–2018 | 72 | Traumatic injury admitted to ICU with a 25(OH)D serum level between 10 and 30 ng/mL | Oral 50,000 IU cholecalciferol daily for 6 days, or one intramuscular injection of 300,000 IU of cholecalciferol |
| Miri et al., 2019 | Single center in Iran | NA | 40 | Mechanically ventilated patient admitted to ICU | intramuscular injection of 300,000 IU vitamin D |
NA not applicable.