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. 2020 Aug 31;11:4358. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18199-w

Fig. 5. Memory-specific effects of 4 Hz and 8 Hz BLA stimulation on BLA-mPFC oscillatory activity.

Fig. 5

a Schematic of strategy for in vivo control of BLA PV-interneurons with simultaneous dual LFP recording. b, c Fear conditioning increases, while extinction learning reduces 4:8 Hz cross-power spectrum. Averaged cross-power spectra (b; n = 24 mice) and quantification as 4:8 Hz CPS ratio (c; one-way repeated measures ANOVA: F(1.201, 27.62) = 27.5, P < 0.0001, n = 24 mice. Tukey’s multiple comparison’s test: No memory vs. Fear memory: P < 0.0001; No memory vs. fear+ext memory: P < 0.0001; fear vs. fear+ext memory: P = 0.0047). d–f Representative cross-power spectrograms demonstrating bidirectional control of freezing and BLA-mPFC cross-power spectrum by 4 Hz and 8 Hz optical stimulation, exclusively during post-extinction retrieval (Fear + Extinction Memory). g, h Average BLA-mPFC cross-power spectra illustrating frequency-specific effects of 4 Hz and 8 Hz optical stimulation during the post-extinction retrieval trial (n = 16 mice). A stimulation-induced 4 Hz peak emerges only in the Fear+Extinction memory condition, and not in the No-memory condition. i Optical stimulation of BLA PV-interneurons has a bidirectional effect on BLA-mPFC cross-power spectrum in the conditioned context following, but not before, extinction learning (two-way repeated measures ANOVA: trial F(2,30) = 15.91, P < 0.0001, stimulation F(2,30) = 18.58, P < 0.0001, trial × stimulation F(4, 60) = 7.96, P < 0.0001, n = 16 mice; Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparisons test; fear memory: no light vs. 8 Hz stim t(60) = 3.29, P = 0.0034; no light vs 4 Hz stim t(60) = 0.60, P = 0.55; fear+ext memory: no light vs 8 Hz stim t(60) = 3.43, P = 0.0011; no light vs 4 Hz stim t(60) = 5.16, P < 0.0001; no memory: no light vs 8 Hz stim t(60) = 0.18, P = 0.86; no light vs 4 Hz stim t(60) = 1.43, P = 0.29). All error bars and shaded area: mean ± SEM.