Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for participant and family characteristics.
| Non-adopted n = 154 M (SD) or N(%) |
Earlier-Adopted n = 66 M (SD) or N(%) |
Later-Adopted n = 57 M (SD) or N(%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)* | 11.16 (2.25)a | 11.99 (2.11)a,b | 10.67 (2.49)b |
| Sex (% female)* | 52.6% | 63.6% | 70.2% |
| Tanner Stage* | |||
| 1 | 60 (39%) | 17 (26%) | 24 (42%) |
| 2 | 38 (25%) | 8 (12%) | 9 (16%) |
| 3* | 13 (8%) | 16 (24%) | 13 (23%) |
| 4* | 12 (8%) | 14 (21%) | 4 (7%) |
| 5 | 30 (20%) | 11 (17%) | 7 (12%) |
| Race/Ethnicity1,** | |||
| Native American | 0 | 10 (15.2%) | 3 (5.3%) |
| Asian | 1 (0.6%) | 25 (37.9%) | 22 (38.6%) |
| Black | 2 (1.3%) | 3 (4.5%) | 3 (5.3%) |
| Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| White | 138 (89.6%) | 26 (39.4%) | 24 (42.1%) |
| Mixed | 12 (7.8%) | 0 | 4 (7.0%) |
| Unknown/Other | 1 (0.6%) | 2 (3.0%) | 1 (1.8%) |
| Wake Time (mean across 3 days) | 6:55 (0:50) | 7:02 (1:03) | 6:42 (0:45) |
| Time Since Wake (wake sample - mean across 3 days) | 1.24 (1.42) | 1.36 (1.78) | (1.38) |
| Time Since Wake (30 m sample - mean across 3 days) | 31.92 (2.00) | 32.06 (1.80) | 31.83 (2.32) |
| Granger Score (score > 0 on any of the 3 days) | 15 (9.7%) | 12 (18.2%) | 6 (10.5%) |
| Median Highest Parental Education | Master’s Degree | Master’s Degree | Master’s Degree |
| Median Household Income | 100,001 to 150,000 | 100,001 to 150,000 | 100,001 to 150,000 |
| Months at adoption** | – | 10.95 (2.65) | 29.38 (12.30) |
| Months in home** | – | 133 (25) | 99 (28) |
| % Time institutional care | – | 0.96 (0.09) | 0.94 (0.10) |
| Country of origin2 | |||
| China | – | 13 (19.7%) | 8 (14.0%) |
| Colombia | – | 2 (3.0%) | 3 (5.3%) |
| Ecuador | – | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) |
| Ethiopia | – | 3 (4.5%) | 1 (1.8%) |
| Guatemala | – | 7 (10.6%) | 1 (1.8%) |
| Haiti | – | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.5%) |
| India | – | 7 (10.6%) | 9 (15.8%) |
| Kazakhstan | – | 3 (4.5%) | 0 (0%) |
| Nepal | – | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.8%) |
| Philippines | – | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) |
| Russia | – | 28 (42.4%) | 23 (40.4%) |
| Slovakia | – | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.5%) |
| Ukraine | – | 0 (0%) | 5 (8.8%) |
| Vietnam | – | 1 (1.5%) | 2 (3.5%) |
Note. Superscripts denote group differences within continuous variables. Oneway ANOVA was run to assess group differences on continuous variables across three groups (t-test was run for two group comparisons). Chi Square test was run to assess group differences on categorical variables.
1
NA group has a significantly greater proportion of White participants compared to both adopted groups. EA and LA did not differ on a chi square test of race.
2
Group differences were not analyzed for country of origin.
**
p < .001.
*
p < .05.