. 2020 Jul 22;10(8):1247. doi: 10.3390/ani10081247

Table 1.

Proportion and chemical composition of leaves, stems and sprouts of cauliflower and Romanesco samples (n = 3) and chemical composition of sugar beet pulp and wheat DDGS samples used as reference feeds.

Item	Cauliflower			Romanesco			SEM ¹	p			Reference Feeds
Item	Leaves	Stems	Sprouts	Leaves	Stems	Sprouts	SEM ¹	Vegetable	Fraction	Vegetable × Fraction	Sugar Beet Pulp	Wheat DDGS
Proportion (% of fresh matter)	29.9 ^a	21.8 ^a	48.3 ^b	45.8 ^b	23.1 ^a	31.1 ^a	3.13	0.999	<0.001	<0.001	-	-
Chemical composition ²
Dry matter (%)	6.86	5.85	6.58	6.74 ^a	7.63 ^a	9.65 ^b	0.403	<0.001	0.008	0.007	89.1	92.2
Organic matter	85.4 ^a	88.3 ^b	88.0 ^b	84.6 ^a	88.2 ^b	90.6 ^b	0.56	0.210	<0.001	0.025	94.9	95.5
Crude protein (CP)	21.9	19.9	25.0	21.5 ^a	23.5 ^a	33.0 ^b	1.26	0.004	<0.001	0.020	9.44	32.9
Ether extract	3.62 ^a	3.91 ^a	5.50 ^b	3.08 ^a	3.37 ^a	5.47 ^b	0.278	0.129	<0.001	0.574	0.80	4.61
Sugars	25.5	28.7	23.2	16.3 ^a	28.3 ^b	18.9 ^a	2.36	0.034	0.011	0.220	13.5	6.97
Neutral detergent fiber (NDF)	32.3 ^b	30.4 ^b	24.7 ^a	30.3 ^b	21.6 ^a	23.8 ^a	1.16	0.002	0.001	0.011	48.0	29.5
Hemicellulose	11.9	12.1	10.7	9.68	7.08	11.9	0.83	0.012	0.154	0.009	23.8	18.3
Acid detergent fiber	20.4 ^b	18.3 ^b	14.0 ^a	20.6 ^b	14.5 ^a	11.9 ^a	0.64	0.004	<0.001	0.031	24.2	11.2
Cellulose	18.0 ^b	15.5 ^b	13.2 ^a	17.3 ^b	10.5 ^a	11.0 ^a	0.81	0.002	<0.001	0.058	22.0	7.87
Lignin	2.42 ^b	2.77 ^b	0.78 ^a	3.29 ^b	4.03 ^b	0.86 ^a	0.568	0.137	0.002	0.589	2.16	3.33
Lignin (% of NDF)	7.47	8.98	3.17	10.9 ^b	19.1 ^c	3.67 ^a	2.751	0.060	0.008	0.243	4.49	11.2
NDICP (% CP) ³	13.1	20.0	18.2	18.8	10.3	18.4	2.47	0.545	0.427	0.028	NA ⁴	NA ⁴

^a,b,c Within each vegetable, means in the same row with different superscript differ (p < 0.05); ¹ SEM: standard error of the mean for the interaction vegetable × fraction (n = 3); ² Expressed as g/100 g of dry matter unless otherwise stated; ³ NDICP: neutral detergent insoluble crude protein expressed as g/100 g crude protein; ⁴ not analyzed.