. 2020 Jul 22;10(8):1247. doi: 10.3390/ani10081247

Table 3.

Fermentation parameters of different fractions of cauliflower and Romanesco and two reference feeds (sugar beet pulp and wheat DDGS) samples (200 mg dry matter) measured in 24-h in vitro incubations using sheep rumen fluid as inoculum.

Item ¹	Cauliflower			Romanesco			SEM ²	p			Reference Feeds
Item ¹	Leaves	Stems	Sprouts	Leaves	Stems	Sprouts	SEM ²	Vegetable	Fraction	Vegetable × Fraction	Sugar Beet Pulp	Wheat DDGS
Gas (mL)	31.5 ^a	36.5 ^b	35.0 ^b	33.6	36.1	34.5	0.49	0.626	0.008	0.330	43.9	26.3
pH	6.67 ^c	6.58 ^b	6.54 ^a	6.60 ^a	6.61 ^a	6.73 ^b	0.011	0.531	0.003	0.011	6.56	6.73
Total volatile fatty acids (VFA; µmol/vial)	1417^a	1531^b	1522 ^b	1487 ^a	1607 ^b	1501 ^a	17.2	0.162	0.017	0.323	1700	1311
Molar proportions of individual VFA (mol/100 mol)
Acetate (Ac)	66.7 ^b	62.5 ^a	61.4 ^a	65.0 ^b	61.3 ^a	60.7 ^a	0.40	0.090	<0.001	0.836	65.5	53.4
Propionate (Pr)	21.8 ^a	25.7 ^b	25.3 ^b	22.3 ^a	25.6 ^b	24.1 ^b	0.38	0.618	0.001	0.511	25.2	33.3
Butyrate	8.18	8.35	8.48	8.46 ^a	9.07 ^b	9.09 ^b	0.057	<0.001	0.003	0.173	6.93	6.34
Minor VFA	3.29 ^a	3.42 ^a	4.74 ^b	4.22 ^a	4.03 ^a	6.13 ^b	0.144	0.001	<0.001	0.420	2.31	6.96
Ac/Pr (mol/mol)	3.07 ^b	2.44 ^a	2.43 ^a	2.94 ^b	2.40 ^a	2.54 ^a	0.061	0.853	<0.001	0.608	2.60	1.61
NH₃-N (mg/L)	267	233	288	297 ^a	293 ^a	380 ^b	11.7	0.008	0.028	0.443	108	276

^a,b,c Within each vegetable, means in the same row with different superscript differ (p < 0.05); ¹ Each vial contained 200 mg of sample dry matter; Minor VFA: calculated as the sum of isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate; ² SEM: standard error of the mean for the interaction vegetable × fraction (n = 12).