Table 3.
Characteristics of the households and household heads in the whole sample and stratified by rural and peri-urban communities.
| Characteristic | Total Sample (n = 3343) |
Peri-Urban (n = 3100) |
Rural (n = 243) |
p Value * | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | % | No | % | No | % | ||
| Sex (household head) | |||||||
| Male | 1616 | 48.3 | 1444 | 46.6 | 172 | 70.8 | <0.0005 |
| Female | 1727 | 51.7 | 1656 | 53.4 | 71 | 29.2 | |
| Age (household head) | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 38.8 (14.3) | 37.7 (13.6) | 51.8(16.9) | <0.0005 | |||
| 18–25 | 543 | 16.3 | 530 | 17.1 | 13 | 5.4 | |
| 26–35 | 1128 | 33.8 | 1094 | 35.3 | 34 | 14.0 | |
| 36–45 | 771 | 23.1 | 722 | 23.3 | 49 | 20.2 | <0.0005 |
| 46–65 | 734 | 22.0 | 640 | 20.7 | 94 | 38.7 | |
| 66+ | 166 | 5.0 | 113 | 3.7 | 53 | 21.8 | |
| Education (household head) | |||||||
| None | 109 | 3.3 | 97 | 3.1 | 12 | 4.9 | |
| Primary | 1173 | 35.0 | 1032 | 33.3 | 141 | 58.0 | <0.0005 |
| Secondary | 1471 | 44.0 | 1407 | 45.4 | 64 | 26.3 | |
| University | 590 | 17.7 | 564 | 18.2 | 26 | 10.7 | |
| Marital status (household head) | |||||||
| Married/partnership | 1916 | 57.3 | 1804 | 58.2 | 112 | 46.1 | |
| Widowed | 726 | 21.7 | 686 | 22.1 | 40 | 16.5 | <0.0005 |
| Divorced/separated | 152 | 4.6 | 137 | 4.42 | 15 | 6.2 | |
| Single | 549 | 16.4 | 473 | 15.3 | 76 | 31.3 | |
| People resident | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 4.7 (2.5) | 4.7 (2.5) | 4.6 (2.9) | 0.2722 | |||
| Number of rooms (excl. kitchen + store) | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 4 (2) | <0.0005 | |||
| People per room | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 1.8 (1.3) | 2 (1.3) | 1.2 (1.2) | <0.0005 | |||
| Household ownership | |||||||
| Owner/joint owner | 872 | 26.08 | 745 | 24.0 | 127 | 52.3 | <0.0005 |
| Family house | 601 | 17.98 | 515 | 16.6 | 86 | 35.4 | |
| Rent free | 252 | 7.54 | 249 | 8.0 | 3 | 1.2 | |
| renting | 1618 | 48.4 | 1591 | 51.3 | 27 | 11.1 | |
| Monthly household income (CFA) ** | (n = 2723) | (n = 2534) | (n = 189) | ||||
| <25 k (<42 USD) | 237 | 8.7 | 188 | 7.4 | 49 | 25.9 | <0.0005 |
| 26–50 k (43–83 USD) | 922 | 33.9 | 847 | 33.4 | 75 | 39.7 | |
| 51–100 k (85–167 USD) | 948 | 34.8 | 900 | 35.5 | 48 | 25.4 | |
| 101–200 k (168–333 USD) | 428 | 15.7 | 417 | 16.5 | 11 | 5.8 | |
| 201–300 k (335–500 USD) | 119 | 4.4 | 116 | 4.6 | 3 | 1.6 | |
| 301–500 k (502–834 USD) | 54 | 2.0 | 51 | 2.0 | 3 | 1.6 | |
| >500 k (>834 USD) | 15 | 0.6 | 15 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Method of payment | (n = 3178) | (n = 2935) | (n = 243) | ||||
| Cash only | 2313 | 72.8 | 2210 | 75.3 | 103 | 42.4 | <0.0005 |
| Cash and kind | 280 | 8.8 | 193 | 6.6 | 87 | 35.8 | |
| In kind | 392 | 12.3 | 388 | 13.2 | 4 | 1.7 | |
| Not paid | 193 | 6.1 | 144 | 4.9 | 49 | 20.2 | |
| Access to transport | (n = 3340) | (n = 3098) | (n = 242) | ||||
| Car | 1024 | 30.7 | 980 | 31.6 | 44 | 18.2 | <0.0005 |
| (n = 3320) | (n = 3083) | (n = 237) | |||||
| Pickup truck | 241 | 7.3 | 230 | 7.5 | 11 | 4.6 | 0.107 |
| (n = 3325) | (n = 3085) | (n = 240) | |||||
| Motorbike | 620 | 18.7 | 561 | 18.2 | 59 | 24.6 | 0.014 |
| Assets owned | (n = 3343) | ||||||
| Flush WC | 1324 | 39.6 | 1285 | 41.5 | 39 | 16.1 | <0.0005 |
| Piped water | 1370 | 41.0 | 1296 | 41.8 | 74 | 30.5 | 0.001 |
| (n = 3336) | |||||||
| Livestock (n = 3336) | 376 | 11.3 | 315 | 10.2 | 61 | 25.3 | <0.0005 |
* p-values in bold show significance at the Bonferroni corrected level of 0.004. ** Extreme income poverty is defined at less than $1.9/day (approximately 1139 CFA).