Table 8.
Demographic/household factors associated with any and exclusive LPG use in peri-urban households (univariable analysis).
| Exclusive Use of LPG (n = 470; 15.2%) |
Any Use of LPG (n = 1883; 56.3%) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | % | OR | 95% CI | p-Value * | No | % | OR | 95% CI | p-Value * | |
| Sex (household head) | ||||||||||
| Male | 248 | 17.2 | 1 | 1148 | 79.5 | 1 | ||||
| Female | 222 | 13.4 | 0.75 | 0.61, 0.91 | 0.004 | 1208 | 73.0 | 0.70 | 0.59, 0.82 | <0.0005 |
| Age (household head) | ||||||||||
| 13–35 | 362 | 22.3 | 1 | 1313 | 80.9 | 1 | ||||
| 36–60 | 100 | 7.9 | 0.30 | 0.24, 0.38 | <0.0005 | 924 | 73.2 | 0.64 | 0.54, 0.77 | <0.0005 |
| 61+ | 8 | 3.8 | 0.14 | 0.07, 0.28 | <0.0005 | 119 | 56.1 | 0.30 | 0.22, 0.41 | <0.0005 |
| Education (household head) | ||||||||||
| None | 2 | 2.1 | 1 | 36 | 37.1 | 1 | ||||
| Primary | 92 | 8.9 | 4.65 | 1.13, 19.17 | 0.034 | 629 | 61.0 | 2.64 | 1.72, 4.07 | <0.0005 |
| Secondary | 249 | 17.7 | 10.21 | 2.50, 41.71 | 0.001 | 1170 | 83.2 | 8.36 | 5.41, 12.92 | <0.0005 |
| University | 127 | 22.6 | 13.84 | 3.36, 56.92 | <0.0005 | 521 | 92.5 | 21.01 | 12.52, 35.23 | <0.0005 |
| Marital status (household head) | ||||||||||
| Married/partner | 212 | 11.6 | 1 | 1401 | 77.7 | 1 | ||||
| Single/Widow/ Divorced |
258 | 19.9 | 1.87 | 1.53, 2.28 | <0.0005 | 955 | 73.8 | 0.81 | 0.68, 0.95 | 0.012 |
| People resident | ||||||||||
| 1–3 people | 335 | 32.5 | 1 | 789 | 76.5 | 1 | ||||
| 4–6 people | 112 | 7.7 | 0.17 | 0.14, 0.22 | <0.0005 | 1122 | 76.6 | 1.01 | 0.83, 1.21 | 0.948 |
| 7+ people | 23 | 3.8 | 0.08 | 0.05, 0.13 | <0.0005 | 445 | 73.8 | 0.86 | 0.69, 1.09 | 0.216 |
| People per room | ||||||||||
| 0–1.5 | 278 | 21.9 | 1 | 998 | 78.6 | 1 | ||||
| 1.6–2 | 122 | 15.4 | 0.65 | 0.51, 0.82 | <0.0005 | 624 | 78.6 | 1.00 | 0.81, 1.24 | 0.997 |
| 2.1–14 | 70 | 6.8 | 0.26 | 0.20, 0.34 | <0.0005 | 734 | 70.9 | 0.66 | 0.55, 0.80 | <0.0005 |
| Household ownership | ||||||||||
| Owner/joint owner | 60 | 8.1 | 1 | 546 | 73.3 | 1 | ||||
| Not a house owner | 410 | 17.4 | 2.41 | 1.81, 3.20 | <0.0005 | 1810 | 76.9 | 1.21 | 1.00, 1.46 | 0.045 |
| Income (CFA) | ||||||||||
| <50 k | 155 | 15.0 | 1 | 666 | 64.4 | 1 | ||||
| 51–100 k | 141 | 15.7 | 1.06 | 0.82, 1.35 | 0.666 | 711 | 79.1 | 2.10 | 1.71, 2.57 | <0.0005 |
| 101–200 k | 73 | 17.5 | 1.20 | 0.89, 1.63 | 0.231 | 371 | 89.0 | 4.47 | 3.21, 6.23 | <0.0005 |
| 201–300 k | 26 | 22.4 | 1.64 | 1.03, 2.62 | 0.038 | 110 | 94.8 | 10.16 | 4.42, 23.33 | <0.0005 |
| 301 K+ | 12 | 18.2 | 1.26 | 0.66, 2.41 | 0.482 | 64 | 97.0 | 17.73 | 4.32, 72.85 | <0.0005 |
| Method of payment | ||||||||||
| Cash only | 397 | 18.0 | 1 | 1795 | 81.3 | 1 | ||||
| Not cash only | 58 | 8.0 | 0.40 | 0.30, 0.53 | <0.0005 | 448 | 61.8 | 0.37 | 0.31, 0.45 | <0.0005 |
| Access to transport | ||||||||||
| Car | 159 | 16.2 | 1.13 | 0.91, 1.39 | 0.262 | 837 | 85.5 | 2.34 | 1.91, 2.86 | <0.0005 |
| Truck | 42 | 18.3 | 1.27 | 0.90, 1.81 | 0.178 | 174 | 75.7 | 0.98 | 0.72, 1.34 | 0.901 |
| Motorbike | 92 | 16.4 | 1.11 | 0.87, 1.43 | 0.398 | 425 | 75.8 | 0.99 | 0.80, 1.22 | 0.895 |
| Assets | ||||||||||
| Flush WC | 224 | 17.4 | 1.35 | 1.10, 1.64 | 0.003 | 1172 | 91.2 | 5.52 | 4.45, 6.85 | <0.0005 |
| Piped water | 214 | 16.5 | 1.20 | 0.98, 1.46 | 0.077 | 1145 | 88.4 | 3.71 | 3.05, 4.51 | <0.0005 |
| Livestock | ||||||||||
| Owned | 8 | 2.55 | 0.13 | 0.06, 0.27 | <0.0005 | 222 | 70.7 | 0.74 | 0.57, 0.95 | 0.020 |
| Cooking location | ||||||||||
| Inside house | 282 | 23.0 | 1 | 1104 | 90.2 | 1 | ||||
| Separate building | 161 | 16.8 | 0.67 | 0.54, 0.83 | <0.0005 | 729 | 75.9 | 0.34 | 0.27, 0.44 | <0.0005 |
| Outside | 27 | 3.0 | 0.10 | 0.07, 0.15 | <0.0005 | 523 | 57.8 | 0.15 | 0.12, 0.19 | <0.0005 |
* p-values in bold have significance at the Bonferroni corrected level of 0.002.