Table 2.
Effects of carrying police equipment on spatiotemporal and kinetic gait parameters in men (N = 186).
| Study Variables | No Police Equipment | Carrying Police Equipment | ∆ (%) | Effect Size | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean (SD) | mean (SD) | ||||
| Foot rotation (°) * | |||||
| Left foot | 6.8 (3.5–12.0) | 7.6 (4.4–12.2) | 12.3% | 0.13 | 0.037 |
| Right foot | 9.2 (5.9–13.4) | 9.6 (6.4–14.7) | 9.0% | 0.14 | 0.015 |
| Step length (cm) | |||||
| Left foot | 68.2 (6.0) | 67.5 (6.0) | −1.0% | −0.12 | 0.027 |
| Right foot | 67.8 (6.1) | 67.0 (5.8) | −1.2% | −0.13 | 0.026 |
| Stride length (cm) | 136.0 (11.1) | 134.5 (10.7) | −1.1% | −0.14 | 0.007 |
| Step width (cm) | 13.5 (3.2) | 13.9 (3.1) | 3.0% | 0.13 | 0.023 |
| Step time (s) | |||||
| Left foot | 0.56 (0.04) | 0.57 (0.04) | 1.2% | 0.25 | <0.001 |
| Right foot | 0.56 (0.04) | 0.57 (0.05) | 1.2% | 0.25 | <0.001 |
| Stride time (s) | 1.12 (0.08) | 1.14 (0.08) | 1.2% | 0.25 | <0.001 |
| Cadence (steps/min) | 107.2 (6.7) | 106.2 (7.0) | −0.9% | −0.15 | 0.002 |
| Speed (km/h) | 4.4 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.5) | −2.3% | −0.20 | 0.003 |
| Peak pressure (N/cm2) | |||||
| (a) Forefoot | |||||
| Left foot | 47.1 (13.0) | 49.5 (11.7) | 5.1% | 0.19 | 0.004 |
| Right foot | 48.3 (11.7) | 50.2 (12.3) | 3.9% | 0.16 | 0.014 |
| (b) Midfoot * | |||||
| Left foot | 14.2 (10.6–22.3) | 16.1 (11.8–21.8) | 8.2% | 0.15 | 0.023 |
| Right foot | 14.2 (10.8–19.3) | 16.5 (12.9–21.9) | 15.0% | 0.26 | <0.001 |
| (c) Hindfoot | |||||
| Left foot | 35.3 (8.6) | 37.0 (9.3) | 4.8% | 0.19 | <0.001 |
| Right foot | 33.7 (8.1) | 34.8 (9.3) | 3.3% | 0.13 | 0.038 |
* denotes using median (interquartile range). ∆ (%)—percent changes between ‘No police equipment’ and ‘Carrying police equipment’ measurements. p < 0.05.