Table 3.
Effects of carrying police equipment on spatiotemporal and kinetic gait parameters in women (N = 89).
| Study Variables | No Police Equipment | Carrying Police Equipment | ∆ (%) | Effect Size | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean (SD) | mean (SD) | ||||
| Foot rotation (°) * | |||||
| Left foot | 4.0 (2.0–5.9) | 5.0 (2.5–7.0) | 38.3% | 0.23 | 0.034 |
| Right foot | 5.7 (2.7–8.3) | 6.4 (2.5–9.7) | 26.5% | 0.25 | 0.002 |
| Step length (cm) | |||||
| Left foot | 66.7 (5.4) | 65.7 (5.0) | −1.5% | −0.19 | 0.020 |
| Right foot | 67.0 (5.3) | 65.7 (5.0) | −1.9% | −0.25 | 0.004 |
| Stride length (cm) | 133.7 (9.8) | 131.4 (8.9) | −1.7% | −0.23 | 0.003 |
| Step width (cm) | 9.8 (2.5) | 10.6 (2.4) | 8.2% | 0.33 | 0.002 |
| Step time (s) | |||||
| Left foot | 0.53 (0.04) | 0.54 (0.04) | 1.9% | 0.25 | <0.001 |
| Right foot | 0.53 (0.04) | 0.54 (0.04) | 1.9% | 0.25 | 0.036 |
| Stride time (s) | 1.06 (0.07) | 1.07 (0.08) | 0.9% | 0.13 | <0.001 |
| Cadence (steps/min) | 112.3 (13.2) | 109.3 (7.3) | −2.7% | −0.28 | 0.034 |
| Speed (km/h) | 4.6 (0.5) | 4.5 (0.4) | −2.2% | −0.22 | 0.005 |
| Peak pressure (N/cm2) | |||||
| (a) Forefoot | |||||
| Left foot | 45.0 (11.3) | 48.3 (10.9) | 7.3% | 0.30 | 0.005 |
| Right foot | 46.1 (12.9) | 48.9 (11.9) | 6.1% | 0.23 | 0.009 |
| (b) Midfoot * | |||||
| Left foot | 11.9 (9.2–16.5) | 13.8 (10.8–19.9) | 16.8% | 0.32 | 0.020 |
| Right foot | 12.1 (8.8–16.2) | 14.6 (9.9–18.6) | 14.7% | 0.30 | 0.033 |
| (c) Hindfoot | |||||
| Left foot | 34.6 (8.5) | 36.4 (8.9) | 5.2% | 0.21 | 0.038 |
| Right foot | 34.4 (8.2) | 36.5 (8.6) | 6.1% | 0.25 | 0.011 |
* denotes using median (interquartile range). ∆ (%)—percent changes between ‘No police equipment’ and ‘Carrying police equipment’ measurements. p < 0.05.