Figure 6.

Frequencies of pain identification success possibilities across the different levels of donkey knowledge from minimal, moderate to extensive in both pre-and post-castration images. In medical diagnosis, test sensitivity represents the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease (true positive rate), whereas test specificity is the ability of the test to correctly identify those without the disease (true negative rate). Hence, the bar representing true values provides an overall direct measure of the quality (sensitivity/specificity) of the test in comparison to its potential drawbacks (false-positives or -negatives).