Table 2.
Comparison between the Holden and Tinetti scale scores of the study participants pre- and postintervention.
| TOTAL | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome variables | Control (N = 23) | Experimental (N = 23) | ||||||||
| Preintervention, median (IQR) | Postintervention, median (IQR) | Difference | U statistic | p-value | Pre-intervention, median (IQR) | Postintervention, median (IQR) | Difference | U statistic | p-value | |
| Holden scale | 10.0 (7.50; 16.5) | 9.00 (6.00; 15.5) | −1.00 (−2.00; 0.00) | 10 | 0.004 * | 13.0 (7.00; 18.0) | 7.00 (3.50; 13.5) | −3.00 (−5.00; −2.00) | 0 | <0.001 * |
| Tinetti scale | ||||||||||
| Total score | 16.0 (13.0; 20.0) | 18.0 (14.0; 22.0) | 1.00 (1.00; 4.00) | 171 | <0.001 * | 13.0 (9.00; 17.0) | 17.0 (11.5; 19.0) | 3.00 (2.00; 3.50) | 231 | <0.001 * |
| Gait score | 6.00 (4.00; 9.00) | 6.00 (4.50; 9.00) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.50) | 21 | 0.026 * | 5.00 (3.00; 7.00) | 6.00 (3.50; 7.50) | 1.00 (0.00; 1.00) | 85.5 | 0.004 * |
| Balance score | 10.0 (9.00; 11.0) | 11.0 (10.0; 13.0) | 1.00 (1.00; 3.50) | 171 | <0.001 * | 8.00 (5.50; 10.0) | 10.0 (8.00; 12.0) | 2.00 (1.00; 3.00) | 253 | <0.001 * |
| GDS 2–4 | ||||||||||
| Control (N = 6) | Experimental (N = 9) | |||||||||
| Holden scale | 6.5 (4.5; 8.5) | 6 (4.5; 6.75) | −1 (−1.75; −0.25) | 0 | 0.098 | 7 (4; 9) | 4 (2; 5) | −3 (−6; −2) | 0 | 0.009 * |
| Tinetti scale | ||||||||||
| Total score | 14.5 (13.25; 18.75) | 19 (16.5; 23.75) | 4 (1.75; 4.75) | 21 | 0.035 * | 11 (8; 14) | 16 (10; 18) | 3 (2; 5) | 45 | 0.009 * |
| Gait score | 5.5 (4.25; 7.5) | 6 (6; 8.25) | 0.5 (0; 1) | 6 | 0.174 | 3 (3; 6) | 5 (4; 7) | 1 (0; 1) | 21 | 0.026 * |
| Balance score | 9 (9; 11.25) | 13 (10.5; 15.5) | 3.5 (1.5; 4) | 21 | 0.035 * | 7 (5; 8) | 10 (6; 11) | 3 (1; 3) | 45 | 0.009 * |
| GDS 5–6 | ||||||||||
| Control (N = 17) | Experimental (N = 14) | |||||||||
| Holden scale | 14 (9; 17) | 14 (8; 16) | −1 (−2; 0) | 7.5 | 0.023 * | 16.5 (9.25; 24.5) | 13 (8; 19.25) | −3.5 (−5; −2.25) | 0 | 0.002 * |
| Tinetti scale | ||||||||||
| Total score | 16 (13; 20) | 17 (14; 21) | 1 (0; 3) | 78 | 0.002 * | 15 (11; 18) | 18 (14; 19.75) | 3 (2; 3) | 78 | 0.002 * |
| Gait score | 7 (4; 9) | 7 (4; 9) | 0 (0; 0) | 6 | 0.149 | 5.5 (3.25; 8.5) | 6 (3.5; 8) | 0 (0; 1) | 25 | 0.065 |
| Balance score | 10 (8; 11) | 11 (10; 12) | 1 (0; 3) | 78 | 0.002 * | 9 (7; 10) | 12 (9.25; 12) | 2 (1; 3) | 91 | 0.001 * |
The effect observed in the CG and EG was observed at the end of the trial (postintervention) with respect to the corresponding value at baseline (preintervention). The difference was assessed by using a Mann–Whitney test for paired samples. *: p-value < 0.05.