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. 2020 Jul 25;18(8):387. doi: 10.3390/md18080387

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Astaxanthin (AST) inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (a) ROS production was analyzed in cells pretreated with different AST concentrations for 1 h after exposure to 2000 lx blue light light-emitting diode (LED) for 24 h. The left column shows 2′, 7′-dichlorfluorescein (DCF) fluorescent cells. Nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). (Ctrl: control group—no AST or blue light LED exposure.) (b) Relative DCF fluorescence intensity in AST pretreated groups compared to that in the control group. (C: control group. All data represent mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared to the AST-untreated blue light LED exposed group; Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc Dunn test; N = 3 in each group.).