Figure 7.

Astaxanthin (AST) activated phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. The 661W cells, pretreated with different AST concentrations for 1 h, with were exposed to 2000 lx blue light light-emitting diode (LED) for 24 h. (a) Evaluation of the protein expression of PI3K, Akt, and Nrf2 by Western blot analysis. β-actin was used as the internal control. (b) Relative protein expression of (b) PI3K, (c) Phospho-Akt (p-Akt)/Akt, and (d) Nrf2. (All data represent mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared to the AST-untreated blue light LED exposed group by Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc Dunn test; N = 4 per group.)