Table 9.
Circumstances of handwashing associated with health, as declared by the questioned sample of Polish secondary school students, based on the Handwashing Habits Questionnaire [56].
| Characteristics | Males (n = 814) |
Females (n = 1509) |
p * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before touching sick people | Never | 222 (27.3%) | 356 (23.6%) | 0.1156 |
| Sometime | 228 (28.0%) | 464 (30.7%) | ||
| Always | 364 (44.7%) | 689 (45.7%) | ||
| After touching sick people | Never | 43 (5.3%) | 49 (3.2%) | 0.0168 |
| Sometimes | 100 (12.3%) | 157 (10.4%) | ||
| Always | 671 (82.4%) | 1303 (86.3%) | ||
| After nose blowing | Never | 168 (20.6%) | 244 (16.2%) | 0.0004 |
| Sometimes | 369 (45.3%) | 634 (42.0%) | ||
| Always | 277 (34.0%) | 631 (41.8%) | ||
| After sneezing | Never | 145 (17.8%) | 203 (13.5%) | 0.0006 |
| Sometimes | 348 (42.8%) | 597 (39.5%) | ||
| Always | 321 (39.4%) | 709 (47.0%) | ||
| After coughing | Never | 162 (19.9%) | 241 (16.0%) | 0.0069 |
| Sometimes | 354 (43.5%) | 625 (41.4%) | ||
| Always | 298 (36.6%) | 643 (42.6%) | ||
* chi2 test.