Table 10.
Procedure of handwashing declared by the questioned sample of Polish secondary school students.
| Characteristics | Males (n = 814) |
Females (n = 1509) |
p ** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Folding sleeves | Never | 37 (4.5%) | 39 (2.6%) | 0.0045 |
| Sometimes | 166 (20.4%) | 314 (20.8%) | ||
| Always | 388 (47.7%) | 855 (56.7%) | ||
| Not applicable | 223 (27.4%) | 301 (19.9%) | ||
| Removing watches and bracelets | Never | 128 (8.5%) | 81 (10.0%) | 0.0053 |
| Sometimes | 327 (21.7%) | 128 (15.7%) | ||
| Always | 199 (13.2%) | 118 (14.5%) | ||
| Not applicable | 855 (56.7%) | 487 (59.8%) | ||
| Removing rings before or during handwashing | Never | 29 (3.6%) | 190 (12.6%) | 0.0079 |
| Sometimes | 34 (4.2%) | 132 (8.7%) | ||
| Always | 64 (7.9%) | 197 (13.1%) | ||
| Not applicable | 687 (84.4%) | 990 (65.6%) | ||
| Using soap | Never | 5 (0.6%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0.0185 |
| Sometimes | 48 (5.9%) | 70 (4.6%) | ||
| Always | 761 (93.5%) | 1438 (95.3%) | ||
| Using warm water | Never | 28 (3.4%) | 15 (1.0%) | 0.0001 |
| Sometimes | 279 (34.3%) | 498 (33.0%) | ||
| Always | 507 (62.3%) | 996 (66.0%) | ||
| Soaking hands before using soap | Never | 88 (10.8%) | 113 (7.5%) | 0.0064 |
| Sometimes | 156 (19.2%) | 259 (17.2%) | ||
| Always | 568 (69.8%) | 1136 (75.3%) | ||
| Not applicable | 2 (0.2%) | 1 (0.1%) | ||
| Spreading soap lather throughout the hands | Never | 47 (5.8%) | 52 (3.4%) | 0.0163 |
| Sometimes | 286 (35.1%) | 510 (33.8%) | ||
| Always | 480 (59.0%) | 947 (62.8%) | ||
| Not applicable | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Turning the faucet off with hands * | Never | 142 (17.4%) | 363 (24.1%) | 0.0004 |
| Sometimes | 219 (26.9%) | 409 (27.1%) | ||
| Always | 453 (55.7%) | 737 (48.8%) | ||
| Drying hands with a towel | Never | 13 (1.6%) | 44 (2.9%) | 0.0120 |
| Sometimes | 114 (14.0%) | 262 (17.4%) | ||
| Always | 687 (84.4%) | 1203 (79.7%) | ||
* Including in the applied procedure was interpreted as incorrect, as the faucet should not be touched barehanded after handwashing; ** chi2 test.