Figure 3.

Standardized within-person effects (β) between Social Media use (SoMe) and Depressive Symptoms (DepS) when gender and family’s financial status are included as covariates. Thicker black lines indicate significant effects (*** p < 0.001) and grey lines indicate non-significant effects (p > 0.05). Correlational changes are presented with two-way arrows. Autoregressive and cross-lagged paths were set equal across time, excluding paths between T3 and T5 (standardized estimates differ slightly due to different variances).