Figure 1.

Volatile organic compound (VOC) detection technologies for analysis of urinary tract infection (UTI) urine samples; (Top) gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC-MS): the column of the GC is represented in blue, resulting in compound separation based on their physical properties and mass; (Middle) ion mobility spectrometry (IMS): the separation of compounds based on ion mobility is represented by different groups of VOCs clustering together; (Bottom) electronic nose (eNose): the eNose response is based on an array of different cross-sensitive gas sensors. A typical response is shown for each method. VOCs are illustrated as green, blue, yellow and red circles.