Table 6.

Effect of pasture diversity (diverse or simple) and spatial arrangement (mix or separated) on nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows.

Items 1	Diverse		Simple		SEM 2	p Values 3
	Mix	Separated	Mix	Separated		D	SA	D × SA
N intake, g N/d	472	452	459	581	31.5	0.11	0.15	0.06
Urine
N, %	0.30	0.29	0.45	0.50	0.022	0.01	0.41	0.29
NH3, mmol/L	2.74	3.21	2.70	3.57	0.39	0.59	0.05	0.50
Urea, mmol/L	104.0 c	98.1 c	132.0 b	175.7 a	5.77	0.01	0.17	0.01
Creatinine, mmol/L	2.35	2.81	2.69	3.21	0.15	0.06	0.02	0.86
NH3: Creatinine	1.21	1.21	1.16	1.18	0.09	0.69	0.93	0.95
Allantoin, mM	13.3	15.6	15.9	17.1	0.98	0.08	0.13	0.56
Uric acid, mM	0.60	0.84	0.74	0.82	0.05	0.33	0.05	0.21
Total PD, mM	13.8	16.7	16.7	17.8	1.05	0.11	0.09	0.43
Allantoin:creatinine	5.82	5.81	6.07	5.71	0.23	0.76	0.44	0.48
Total PD:creatinine	6.11	6.10	6.35	6.01	0.24	0.76	0.50	0.53
N output 4, g/d	166.9	147.1	195.0	220.4	9.80	0.01	0.78	0.06
N output 5, g/d	139.7	113.6	182.2	176.9	10.16	0.01	0.17	0.34
Feces
N, %	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.5	0.04	0.09	0.02	0.62
Ash, %	19.8	21.5	19.5	21.1	0.77	0.64	0.04	0.93
DM, %	12.3	11.4	11.0	11.6	0.49	0.33	0.73	0.20
Milk
MUN, mg/dl	10.0	8.6	12.0	13.8	0.69	0.01	0.78	0.06
N output, g/d	134.8	144.2	124.7	123.4	4.67	0.02	0.42	0.29
N use efficiency 5, %	30.7	31.7	29.2	27.9	0.51	0.01	0.78	0.06
N use efficiency 6, %	29.1	32.0	27.2	21.4	2.22	0.03	0.54	0.09

^a–c Means within a row with different superscripts differ (p < 0.05). ¹ N: Nitrogen; NH₃: Ammonia; DM: Dry matter; MUN: milk urea N; PD: purine derivates; ² SEM: Standard error for interaction; ³ D: Diversity; SA: Spatial arrangement; D × SA: Interaction; ⁴ Estimated according to Nousiainen et al. [31]; ⁵ Estimated according to Pacheco et al. [35]; ⁶ Milk N efficiency was calculated as milk N ÷ N intake × 100.