Table 3.
Changes in parameters of arterial stiffness and vascular endothelial function.
| Author | Arterial Stiffness | Vascular Endothelial Function | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Baseline | Follow-Up | Absolute Change | Type | Baseline | Follow-Up | Absolute Change | |||||||
| SE | CON | SE | CON | SE | CON | SE | CON | SE | CON | SE | CON | |||
| Wong-1, 2014 | baPWV (cm/sec) | 1359 ± 29 | 1397 ± 40 | 1319 ± 33 | 1386 ± 47 | −40 ± 31 | −11 ± 43 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Wong-2, 2014 | AIx (%) | 35 ± 3 | 32 ± 2 | 29 ± 3 | 32 ± 3 | −6 ± 3 | 0 ± 3 | |||||||
| Nishiwaki-1, 2015 | baPWV (cm/sec) | 1207 ± 28 | 1204 ± 25 | 1145 ± 19 | 1205 ± 38 | -62 ± 25 | 1 ± 33 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Nishiwaki-2, 2015 | CAVI | 7.7 ± 0.2 | 7.6 ± 0.3 | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 7.5 ± 0.3 | −0.5 ± 0.2 | −0.1 ± 0.3 | |||||||
| Shinno, 2017 | baPWV (cm/sec) | 1158 ± 18 | 1162 ± 10 | 1146 ± 19 | 1155 ± 10 | −12 ± 19 | −7 ± 10 | RH-PAT index | 1.5 ± 0.25 | 1.6 ± 0.18 | 2.0 ± 0.25 | 1.6 ± 0.17 | 0.5 ± 0.25 | 0.0 ± 0.18 |
| Wong, 2017 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Boonpin, 2017 | baPWV (cm/sec) | 1364 ± 66 | 1390 ± 165 | 1203 ± 178 | 1482 ± 158 | -161 ± 156 | 158 ± 162 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Kato, 2017 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | RH-PAT index | 1.81 ± 0.33 | 1.80 ± 0.22 | 2.05 ± 0.36 | 1.81 ± 0.35 | 0.24 ± 0.35 | 0.01 ± 0.31 |
| Hotta, 2019 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | FMD (%) | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 5.0 ± 2.0 | 3.7 ± 1.6 | 1.3 ± 1.74 | 0.0 ± 1.39 |
| Kim, 2019 | CAVI | 9.7 ± 0.9 | 9.7 ± 0.9 | 9.1 ± 1.0 | 9.8 ± 1.0 | −0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.1 ± 1.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
SE, stretching exercises; CON, control; baPWV, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity; AIx, augmentation index; CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index; sec, second; RH-PAT, reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry; FMD; flow-mediated dilation; NR, not reported. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation.